The increased growth in the railways has resulted in the development of rail traffic density over the world. This has ensued in the increase of the number of accidents involving trains. The current rail security rules require automatic obstacle detection on tracks. This paper presents a novel approach on obstacle detection on railway tracks and applies automatic braking to avoid accidents by stopping the train. The Ultrasonic sensor is used to sense the obstacle and relay is used to apply brake. This system enhances the potency and accuracy of the safety management system for railways to a greater extent. 

Introduction: Children with RADs experience a lot of problems in their day to day activities. Respiratory Allergies pose the greatest stress on the children in most of the developed and developing countries. In India 15-20% population is suffering from RADs. There is no cure for RADs as per the Conventional Medical Science. Ayurvedic medicines can be a potential and effective alternative for the treatment against the RADs. Materials and methods: Double blind randomised controlled trial was conducted on 100 patients of RADand were given Drakshadi Yogfor 12 weeks. Results: In intergroup comparison extremely significant gain was seen in trial group (group A) over control group (group B) for nasal discharge, sneezing, nasal obstruction, itching of nose and eye, wheezing and inflammation of throat. Whereas for loss of smell, headache and cough very significant advantage was observed in trial group (group A) over group B. Significant gain was seen in trial group (group A) over control group (group B) for hoarseness of voice. Insignificant gain was found in trial group (group A) over control group (group B), for fever and dyspnea. Discussion: No adverse effect was observed. Thus, Drakshadi Yog can be recommended for the management of Respiratory Allergic Disorders of Children.

Volatility is the most important concept in options trading. No one can consistently predict the market, not even the experts. Yet many investors think they can guess what will happen, based on hunches or rumors. Unless we know precisely when to buy or sell, we can, and probably will miss the market. This can really cost us. Most of the market’s gain and loss occur in just a few, but unpredictable, trading days. In this paper we study the differences in unpredictability of stock and option prices using Black and Scholes model and EWMA volatility model. This difference eventually affects options range and premiums.