Whey generated in cheese manufacturing processes serious environmental issues that limit process profitability. The dairy industry's innovation recognises the "bio-refinery" as a key to successful whey disposal and economic growth. The valorisation of cheese whey is a multi-technological process that can result in value-added products (biomass, fine or bulk chemicals).The aim of this research is to improve a fermentation method that uses whey as a growth medium and carbon source. Lactose, which is abundant in whey, is an important carbon source. However, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is more commonly utilised in commercial fermentation processes, is not a lactose-fermenting yeast. We designed a novel biotechnological technique for the large-scale synthesis of non-genetically modified yeast biomass that may be employed in a variety of applications, such as bread making, production of probiotics, nutraceuticals, bio-active molecules. To use cheese whey as a raw material for S. cerevisiae production and to overcome the limitations in the use of lactose we used externally added substrates such as peptone, yeast extract and casein. The careful optimization of the amount of additional substrate allowed for the slow release of glucose and galactose via hydrolysis and simultaneous consumption, resulting in a decrease in ethanol and an increase in biomass produced.

Background: Radiating pain along with some sensory and motor deficits in lower back and hip into the leg are the characteristics of Lumbar Radiculopathy. The effective treatment and management of the symptoms associated with Radiculopathy are manual therapy techniques like Spinal mobilization with leg movement and McKenzie Extension exercise.
Aim: The aim of present study was to compare the effects of Spinal mobilization with leg Movement to the McKenzie Extension exercise to manage the Lumbar Radiculopathy.
Methods: It was Randomized Control Trial which included 60 patients of age 28-50 years with Lumbar radiculopathy which were grouped into two by sealed envelope method ;the first group (A) was Experimental Group, while the other group (B)  was the control Group and were selected from City hospital Multan from February 2018 to June 2018. The participants of the study were requested to complete the protocol for 4 weeks (3 days per week, 30 repetitions in one session). Participants were examined before and after the tests, for pain intensity (NPRS), functional Mobility measured by MODI and range of motion by goniometry.
Results: A significant decrease in pain intensity on NPRS (P< 0.05) and MODI Scoring (P<0.05) with noticeable improvement in Functions and range of motion measured by Goniometry was observed. (Readings were taken at 1st session and at the end of the completion of the session). Study results showed an equal reduction in pain in both groups while improvement in MODI scoring and Range of motion was more significant in experimental group (A) with respect to the control group (B).
Conclusion: It was observed by the study results that SMWLM is found to be more effective in improving the range of motion while both techniques SMWLW and McKenzie Extension Exercises were effective in improving the pain control, decreasing the severity and MODI Scoring.