A recent study of patients undergoing implant surgery showed a significant increase in the prevalence of peri-implant disease, with peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis predominating. Peri-implant disease mostly appears after several years of implant use. Currently, the diagnosis of peri-implant disease relies on peri-implant soft tissue exploration and imaging, but abnormalities in these indicators only occur when tissue destruction has already occurred and cannot predict whether an implant has the potential to develop peri-implant disease. Therefore, the early diagnosis of peri-implant disease remains challenging and early diagnosis is important to achieve a good prognosis. Gingival crevicular fluid is a biological exudate present in the gingival crevicular, which is mainly derived from serum and contains metabolic components of bacteria and host cells. Gingival crevicular fluid is considered to be an important diagnostic material and its biomarkers can be used as reaction indicators to determine the development of the disease. In this paper, we describe the progress and effectiveness of research on the use of gingival crevicular fluid biomarkers for the prediction and diagnosis of peri-implant disease, intending to provide a reference for subsequent studies.

Poppyplant Papaver somniferum is the source of the narcotic drug opium which contains powerful medical alkaloid such as morphine and has been used since ancient time as analgesic and narcotic medicinal recreational drug. It relieves in pain and supresses of cough but cause addiction and respiratory depression. This study attempts to evaluate the health status of the albino rat on the basis of serum protein change under opium addiction. Rats were orally feed with opium on constant dose i.e.1.38g/kg body weight for 5, 10 and 15 days. Significant change decline serum protein observed.

Endodontic surgery has become endodontic microsurgery in recent years. Microsurgical techniques produce predictable outcomes in the healing of endodontic lesions by using state-of-the-art technology, devices, and materials that harmonize with biological concepts. In this review article, we have elaborated the current concepts, techniques, microscope, flap design, newer materials and prognosis of microsurgery.