Impacted mandibular third molars are very common, and can directly or indirectly cause dental or periodontal damage to adjacent teeth. Clinicians often extract the impacted mandibular third molar, but still, leave problems such as distal bone wall defect of the second molar or aggravation of the defect after extraction. The above further manifestations were the formation of the distal periodontal pocket, distal tilt, distal root resorption and so on. The distal bone wall defect of the second molar is affected by many risk factors, such as the age of the patient, the impacted type of the third molar, and the mode of operation. Cell active ingredient transplantation refers to the technique of extracting various cellular active components in the human body, such as platelet derivatives and bone morphogenetic protein, into tooth extraction to promote bone regeneration and repair bone defects. The extraction of cellular active components is convenient, cheap and safe. Surgery involves medical ethics, which is widely used in the repair of oral soft and hard tissue. The purpose of this paper is to review the influencing factors and cellular active components implantation of distal bone defect of mandibular third molar in the repair and prevention of bone defect, to provide a reference for clinical treatment of mandibular impacted third molar and repair and clinical treatment of the adjacent second molar distal bone defect.

Background: Laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation are invariably associated with certain stress responses due to the sympatho-adrenal stimulation. These cardiovascular and neurohumoral alterations may directly affect the physiology and increase the risk. Various drugs have been tried but no one drug has been considered ideal for blunting this pressorresponse.

Objectives: This comparative study was planned to evaluate and compare the efficacy of intravenous magnesium sulphate (30 mg/kg) along with lidocaine 2% versus intravenous fentanyl with lidocaine 2%,in attenuating the presser response to laryngoscopy and tracheal Intubation.

Methods and Materials: One hundred patients were randomised to receive either magnesium sulphate 30 mg/kg diluted in 100 ml saline (Group M) along with 2% lidocaine or Intravenous fentanyl 2mcg/kg along with lidocaine 2%.1 (Group F) 10 min before induction of anaesthesia . After laryngoscopy and intubation were performed, heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were recorded pre-drug, after drug, at intubation, at intervals of 1min , 5 min, and 10 min post intubation.

Statistical analysis used: The collected data was analysed with IBM.SPSS statistics software 23.0 Version. To describe about the data, descriptive statistics frequency analysis, percentage analysis was used for categorical variables, and for continuous variables the mean and SD was used. To find the significant difference between the bivariate samples in Independent groups the unpaired sample t-test was used. To find the significance in categorical data, Chi-Square test was used. In both the above statistical tools the probability value of 0.05 was considered as significant.

Results: There was a significant statistical difference in both the groups in terms of heart rate and blood pressure at one and five minutes after intubation. 

Conclusion: Prophylactic administration of combination of magnesium sulphate and 2% lidocaine was found to be effective in attenuating hemodynamic responses to the stress effect of laryngoscopy and intubation as compared to intravenous Fentanyl.

It is a project that control surgical errors during surgery. It solves the problem like protect from over dose of general anaesthesia and protect from loss of surgical equipment in patient body.

Sometimes during surgery doctor may leaving a piece of surgical equipment, e.g. sponges or instruments, inside a patient. We can prevent this from a tool box module. In this module, we can use weight sensor that protects from loss of surgical equipment. In surgical process during closing surgery place with needle, this module checks that all the equipment is placed on it or not. if all placed then all right and no equipment loss in patient body, if not then module gives signal as light or buzzer to check that and prevent from loss.

In surgery error, one of the problems is death from general anaesthesia. Also, infections occur due to purely unsterilized surgical equipments or tools during surgery. So, in same module we may set a water steam system and kills all the bacteria, germs, pathogens, viruses etc because hot water steam may kills that and make sterilize the tools. Sometimes these tools didn’t purely sterilized. So, infections occur due to this also. So, I think this module may be a solution of these errors.

In addition, it also take a step to control the performing the incision on wrong body part or wrong location through a programmed machine (I.e. like brain).