Abstract
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a global public health issue, largely related to the use of antibiotics. Infections caused by multi-resistant bacteria are becoming more prevalent in both hospital and community settings. These infections become more and more difficult to treat, the therapeutic arsenal diminishes and the risk of a therapeutic stalemate increases.
Our study consisted of the evaluation of antibiotic consumption and bacterial resistance to antibiotics in 12 clinical departments of the Ibn Rochd Hospital of Casablanca in a period of time that maintain from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2017.
In the present study, resuscitation, medicine and surgery departments are the 3 most consuming departments of antibiotics, C3 Gare the most frequently used ATBs, followed by carbapenems and clavulanic acid amoxicillin. The prevalence of BMR in these services during the study period was 77%, 45.11%, 34.18% and 14% for ABRI, EBLSE, PARI/PARC and MRSA respectively.
Through this study, the analyse is of the bivariate correlation showed that the latter was statistically significant (p<0.05) for several studied couples of antibiotic consumption and bacterial resistance, this was particularly demonstrated for imipenem/ABRI, imipenem/PARI, fluoroquinolones / MRSA, fluoroquinolones / EBLSE and C3G / EBLSE, this shows that the main risk factor for these bacterial resistances is exposure to the antibiotic. This correlation has not been demonstrated for other studied couples such as: ceftazidime/PARC, aminoglycosides/EBLSE and C3G/MRSA.
Other factors identified include long hospitalization prior to infection, failure to observe standard hospital hygiene precautions, and invasive procedures.
These results demonstrate the usefulness of networking and monitoring strategies. We can envisage that in the long term, monitoring of antibiotic consumption and bacterial resistance become mandatory in all CHUs. Obtaining antibiotic consumption data and bacterial resistance would allow the implementation of targeted corrective actions in order to promote better and lesser use of antibiotics.