Oral leukoplakia (OLK) is one of the most typical precancerous lesions in oral striae disease, with a high incidence rate and high possibility of cancerization. At present, the clinical treatment methods for oral leukoplakia can be divided into pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments, the latter mainly includes laser, surgery, microwave, cryotherapy, and photodynamic therapy. Compared with pharmacological treatment, non-pharmacological treatment has a wide range of indications and quicker results, so it is widely used in the clinical treatment of OLK. Of course, there are certain limitations. This article systematically organizes and reviews the non-pharmacological treatment of OLK at home and abroad, to provide relevant references for the clinical treatment of OLK.

Across the globe, a sizable section of the population suffers from stomach illnesses, which are widespread health problems. Numerous illnesses, such as indigestion, acidity, gastritis, ulcers, and other problems with the digestive system are included in this group of ailments. Some herbal preparations are thought to improve digestion, lower inflammation, decrease acidity, and lessen symptoms related to stomach disturbances. Therefore, the research work was undertaken and choosing the ingredients for the formulation and manufacturing of a polyherbal compound formulation utilized for digestive disorders. Polyherbal Churna has been specially prepared using some herbs viz. Neem, Dalchini, Haldi, Pudeena, Shunthi, Tulsi and Ajaawain, and Saindha salt, can be used to treat stomach issues and promote digestive harmony. This study provides information on formulation composition, preparation, and quality assessment based on macroscopic study, organoleptic characteristics, and physicochemical tests like LOD, extractive value, ash value preliminary phytochemical screening and development of HPTLC fingerprints profile.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that causes HIV infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (Douek et al., 2009). AIDS is a condition in humans in which progressive failure of immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive. In the present study carried out on 942 patients with various sexually transmitted diseases 65 patients were found to be seropositive for HIV. Out of these 42 were males (64.61%) while 23 were females (35.38%) which are lower than Burzin et al. (2006) from Ahmedabad reported 77.51% males and 22.49% females found seropositive for HIV. This might be due to less no. of patients in our study. Large number of cases in males in comparison to females is explained from the fact that in females the social stigma and discrimination prevents the women to seek help of STD clinic facility, which in turn contribute higher cases in males. Hence, our study support the males are affected than the opposite sex. Among 65 HIV patients, herpes Progenitalis is the commonest STD with 28 cases (43.07%), followed by Syphilis (18.45%), Mixed VDs (12.3%), Molluscum contagiosum (7.69%), Gonorrhoea (6.15%), Chancroid (4.61%), Condyloma acuminate (3.07%), Granuloma Inguinale (1.53%), Lymphogranuloma venereum (1.53%) and Nongonococcal urethritis (1.53%) indicating that HIV is co-supplemented with STDs and such STD patients are high risk of HIV Seropositivity.