Biosurfactant are surface-active metabolites produced by microorganisms. Biosurfactant tends to solubilize hydrocarbons in the surrounding environment, by reducing surface tension and increasing carbon uptake. In this study, isolation of biosurfactant producing bacteria and effects of biosurfactant were assessed. Oil sample was collected from engine oil contaminated site and six strains were isolated. Strains were screened for biosurfactant production by hemolysis test, drop collapse test, oil spreading assay, lipase activity, and emulsification index. Then strains were further screened for maximum production on different carbon sources e.g. dextrose, sucrose, starch, fructose and glycerol, also different nitrogen sources such as peptone, yeast extract, urea, sodium nitrate, ammonium sulphate. The promising strain was directed for further examination. Among different carbon sources better results were noted in dextrose about 0.23 gm/50ml. further investigation is to explore the effects of biosurfactant on plant growth promotion and its antimicrobial activity.

Portable stage conditions have a fundamental impact on chromatographic divisions. For instance, before choosing suitable chromatographic conditions, a large number of preparatory trials were conducted using specific mixes of various natural solvents, structures, to obtain acceptable maintenance component, determination, and other chromatographic parameters. The configuration, enhancement, institutionalization, and quality control of pharmaceutical products are made possible by expository procedures. They are equally important for investigations on the medicine digestive system and pharmacokinetics. Accepting systematic systems improvement is necessary to provide administrative entries with reliable data. These techniques are essential for a number of reasons, such as testing for solidity, reference material, quality control discharge, and providing data to support decisions.

Capillary electrophoresis is a rapidly developing set of combining techniques that can be used to a wide range of molecules and sample types. Automation is made possible by the capillary format, which offers quick and extremely effective separations. There is more work to be done on improving detection techniques and developing systematic ways to separation methodology. Without a question, in some circumstances, capillary tube electrophoresis will replace HPLC. This is particularly noticeable when the most important factors are analysis time, efficiency, or simplicity. In biotechnology, capillary electrophoresis will be very helpful in the separation of proteins and nucleotides for analytical purposes. Lastly, capillary electrophoresis is perfect for developing separations-based sensors for microenvironment analysis since it can be used with ultrasmall-volume samples.

Ibuprofen is a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for pain management. However, concerns exist regarding the quality and consistency of medications available in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study investigated the anti-nociceptive effect of commercially available ibuprofen tablets obtained from pharmaceutical stores in Adamawa State, Nigeria. The samples were tested on laboratory animals (Rats) using the Hot plate method to determine their potency and therapeutic efficacy. The results showed that there was an increase in reaction time at all the treatment times for all the samples when compared to baseline values (0 min) within the same treatment groups. In comparison to the saline-treated animals, there was a significant increase in the reaction time to thermal pain detectable in sample brand E, except in sample brand A which has the lowest reaction time at 30min treatment time. However, the same trend was also observed using the percentage Maximum Possible analgesia (MPA%), the sample brand E also elicited significant analgesic activity within 30min following treatment as evidenced by the gradual increase throughout the observation period and at peak activity (30min), the sample showed MPA of 70.64%, while animals treated with sample brand A exhibited the lowest analgesic effect which gradually increases from 0min treatment time with MPA of 7.61%, and at 30min treatment time with MPA of 44.46%, therefore, the study concluded that the sample brands E could be classified as the most potent and effective amongst all the samples analyzed. This information can inform regulatory authorities, healthcare professionals, and consumers about the potential variations in pain management effectiveness.

This study deals with land use land cover changes (LULC) in Islamabad, the capital city of Pakistan, between 2018 and 2022. This study exploits satellite-based remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) technology as tools to gain a deeper understanding of the complex LULC dynamics in the area in question and present an accurate picture of it over time. The findings are seen to be significant in many ways as these have major alterations in water bodies, tree covers, flooded areas, crops, built-ups, and rangelands. This also shows the continuous development of the city from an urbanization perspective. Very obvious are the noteworthy increase in built-up areas which suggest urbanization is an ongoing trend. Apart from this, the research proposes feasible strategies for sustainable urban development, conserving natural resources, smart growth, flood management, agricultural land conservation, public transportation improvements, green property projects, and policy integration. These data provide a key consideration in conversations on urban planning for the period 2023, ensuring that we build on a strong, evidence-based background for detailed, sustainable urban development in Islamabad and many other comparable rapidly growing urban settings around the world.