Background: Ventral hernias of the abdomen are non-inguinal, non-hiatal defects in the fascia of the abdominal wall. Surgical procedure of the ventral hernias have evolved over the period of time2. The most basic approach is a primary open repair without mesh, which should typically be reserved for defects in the fascia of less than 3 cm. In our study we aim to compare outcomes of vertical closure versus horizontal closure of primary defect. A prospective analysis was carried out to compare the results of vertical closure versus horizontal closure of primary defect.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Surgery, Great Eastern Medical School and Hospital, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, India. A total of 63 patients diagnosed with anterior abdominal wall hernia between September 2023 to February 2024. Adult patients with hernia defect less than 3 cm in diameter were included. Patients with incarceration or strangulation, after previous hernia repair or other emergency abdominal surgical interventions were excluded. Data collection included thorough history taking and clinical examination along with relevant investigations. The data collected was entered in a Proforma, tabulated, and analysed with the SPSS Statistics software.
Results: A total of 63 patients were [31 patients of group-a and 32 patients of group-b] included in study with 6 months follow up. Females were much more affected than males. Patients in group-b have less post operative pain and had early post operative recovery back to work. Out of types of hernia, epigastric hernia showed more incidences among males. The average age of presentation was 52 years. Obesity was the most common predisposing factor (34%) with female preponderance. Obese patients were also associated with a higher rate of postoperative complications like wound infection and seroma.
Conclusion: The most common ventral hernias in decreasing order of their frequency are incisional hernia, umbilical hernia, para-umbilical hernia, and epigastric hernia. Epigastric and umbilical hernias are more common in males whereas incisional hernia is more common in females. Obesity and constipation were found to be the major predisposing risk factors. Patients in group-b have slightly less post operative pain and had early post operative recovery back to work.

This review article discusses the evolution of methods and technologies used in human genome sequencing in Indian research institutes. The paper first covers key developments in global genome research, then gives a brief overview of traditionally used methods and current advancements. It describes in depth the process of sequencing and further evaluates where a developing and resource constrained country like India stands in human genomics research, from identifying native mutations, treating rare genetic disorders to the challenges faced by Indian scientists to study a diverse population of 144 crore individuals with many distinct ancestral groups. It highlights how the new age labs are assisting the treatment and diagnostic procedures and concludes by analysing future issues and research gaps.

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is an increasingly common, highly deadly illness with a poor prognosis. After colorectal and lung cancer in terms of incidence, pancreatic cancer came in third. It affects both men and women and is the seventh most prevalent cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. People who have symptoms typically come in with nonspecific complaints such as back or upper abdominal discomfort, nausea, bloating, abdominal fullness, or changes in stool composition. A multidetector CT angiography using a dual-phase pancreatic protocol is the recommended initial imaging modality for accurate and timely pancreatic cancer diagnosis. One blood biomarker that has been extensively studied and verified to be associated with pancreatic cancer is CA19-9. Adjuvant chemotherapy after pancreatic resection has been shown to significantly improve survival, according to the ESPAC investigations. 5-FU was used at first, but gemcitabine was eventually used in its place since it demonstrated similar efficacy with fewer side effects.

This study sought to assess the relationship between project risk transference and performance of the Tea System Automation Project in Kenya. As automation in Kenya Tea Development Agency (KTDA)-managed firms gains momentum, mitigating risks associated with technological implementation becomes crucial for project success. This research investigated how transferring specific project risks to third parties, such as contractors and insurance firms, influences the efficiency, reliability, and overall outcomes of the automation initiative. The study adopted descriptive research design and the target population included project managers, project management executives and key stakeholders involved in the implementation of Tea System Automation Project. The study focused on 69project managers, 69 project coordinators, and 207 project committee executives, it had345 respondents. The sampling frame was 69 active tea processing firms managed by KTDA. A sample of 185 people was chosen at random using the Taro Yamane 1967 sampling technique. The findings reveal that while risk transference can enhance project stability and focus, it also necessitates meticulous planning and stakeholder coordination to avoid cost escalations and accountability issues. These results have significant implications, suggesting that optimal risk management practices can improve the performance of tea system automation projects in Kenya Tea Development Agency (KTDA)-managed firms and similar contexts. The study concludes with recommendations for policymakers and project managers to refine risk transference strategies, emphasizing the need for comprehensive risk assessments and clear contractual agreements to maximize project success.

In an era characterized by rapid technological advancement, particularly in finance and security, we introduce the next level of automated banking services: The Biometric-Based Smart ATM. This innovative system aims to transform the banking experience by integrating advanced features that prioritize convenience and security. Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) have become integral to modern banking, providing customers with convenient access to financial transactions without the need for human intervention. However, the current ATM system faces security challenges, especially regarding unauthorized access and fraudulent activities. To address these challenges, we propose enhancing the existing ATM system with biometric authentication and GSM technology. By incorporating biometric authentication, such as fingerprint or facial recognition, along with GSM-based One-Time Password (OTP) verification, we aim to establish a secondary layer of security for users. This additional security measure will require users to authenticate themselves using their biometric data and receive an OTP on their registered mobile device before completing transactions. This ensures that only authorized individuals can access and utilize the ATM services, thus mitigating the risk of fraudulent activities. The proposed Biometric-Based Smart ATM not only enhances security but also improves user experience by providing seamless and secure transactions at any time and location. With the evolving landscape of banking and transactions worldwide, this project seeks to set new standards for the authentication and security of ATM systems.

Foot ulcers are a significant complication of diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of DFUs among diabetic patients highlights the urgent need for effective therapeutic strategies. Even with the best therapy, 30% of diabetic wounds heal despite the availability of advanced moist wound therapy.Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) present significant clinical challenges, with impaired wound healing being a major complication. β-adrenergic receptors (βAR) have been implicated in modulating keratinocyte migration and re-epithelialization, where activation delays and antagonism facilitate these processes. This review highlights the clinically effective results of three promising beta-blockers and their topical formulations i.e. Esmolol, Timolol, Propranolol. As per the outcomes of pre-clinical work, propranolol enhances cutaneous wound healing by minimizing local inflammatory response and promoting phases of the healing process. Esmolol hydrochloride is a drug in ‘gel formulation’ administered topically that endeavors to retrigger the intrinsic wound-healing mechanisms.The topical application of Timolol has improved healing in venous leg ulcers, suggesting its applicability in DFUs.Combining topical beta-blockers with other therapeutic modalities also represents a promising approach to enhance the treatment outcomes for DFUs.