A proof is offered that gravity, celestial bodies and substances are created by cosmic, ethereal vortices. The evidence is based on the author's theory of vortex gravity, cosmology and cosmogony. The article shows that Newton's equations are empirical and erroneous.

Global Circulation Models (GCMs) are widely utilized in climate projection. Nonetheless, the resolution of GCM products cannot satisfy local studies because the spatial resolution of GCMs is too coarse to represent regional climate variations at scales required making it difficult to provide precise information at a regional scale. Downscaling was developed to bridge the deficiency of GCM’s in climate studies. Therefore, this study was aimed at validating the usefulness of statistical downscaling model for rainfall prediction under different emission scenarios over the south-south region of Nigeria. The expost-factor research design was adopted for the study. The quadrat sampling technique was adopted by stratifying the area into 2°x 2°latitude and longitude intersections and each weather station that fall within the grids calibrated (Asaba, Warri, Uyo and Port Harcourt) were selected. Rainfall data for the selected meteorological stations covering 1985-2015 were acquired from the archives of Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet) while large scale predictors were assessed from the archives of National Centre for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). Based on the regression analysis performed, shum, rhum, r850, r500, p5_u, p_u, & p5th were selected are as the principal large scale predictors of rainfall in the area whereas p5th (0.74), r850 (0.78) were identified as super predictors in Asaba, while r850 (0.74), (0.72) and (0.77) were noted for Warri, Uyo and Port Harcourt respectively. The model model’s performance in terms of predictions of the predictand was assessed on seasonal scale of four compartmentalized seasons, December, January, February (DJF), March, April, May (MAM), June, July, August (JJA) and September, October, November (SON).The R and RMSE values which forms the basis of assessment of the model ranges between, R (0.64-0.91) and RMSE (0.11-0.43). The model’s performance was better in Asaba at DJF, Warri in JJA while Port Harcourt and Uyo perform better in SON. Thus, it was concluded that the model has the capability to accurately predict rainfall in the region on a seasonal timescale. Based on the findings of the study, development of a local climate management system in preparedness for climate change, efforts to maintain strategies to climate change were recommended.

This study aimed to isolate and identify pathogenic bacteria in samples of frozen yellow fin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and white shrimp (Penaeus indicus) obtained from Visakhapatnam harbour and have frozen in the national institute of fisheries post harvesting technology and training. Microbiological and biochemical methods were employed to assess the presence of specific pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Vibrio cholerae, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus and three palates for every bacteria were referred to the presence of bacteria as a explication . The results revealed differences in the bacterial profiles between the two seafood products, emphasizing the need for targeted food safety measures in the seafood industry. Based on the outcome results, tuna sample was more contaminated in the total palate count as general but the results for the presence of every bacteria was very realistic, E. coli : 1 colony was separated and 6 colonies were adhesive to each other and by (IMVIC) biochemical test which was (--++) E. coli was confirmed. Staphylococcus aurues: By streaking onto Baird paker agar, in tuna sample no colonies were observed but in shrimp sample were observed. In gram staining technique Staphylococcus aurues was not appeared in purple color but pink whereas Staphylococcus aurues is positive gram staining bacteria so that microorganism is not S. aurues. Salmonella spp. : In Bismuth sulfite agar and in fish sample, 18 round, black colored colonies were seen but in shrimp sample was not observed .The biochemical test for Salmonella spp is Triple suger iron (TSI) the Salmonella spp was confirmed. Vibrio cholerea: By streaking onto Thio sulphate- citrate- bile salt and sucrose, in both tuna and shrimp sample, yellowed colonies were clearly observed. V. paraheamalytic : By streaking onto TCBS and 3% salt was added, just in shrimp sample blue-green colonies were observed but in tuna non bacteria had Seen. I recommended to enhance seafood safety and significantly reduce the risk of foodborne illnesses associated with seafood consumption, from processing to well-cooked dishes.

Background: Early initiation of breastfeeding, often referred to as the “golden hour,” is crucial for promoting optimal neonatal and maternal health. Awareness of its importance, timing, and benefits among expectant mothers can significantly influence breastfeeding practices.
Material and Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 150 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at a selected tertiary care hospital. Participants were recruited through consecutive sampling and assessed using a structured knowledge questionnaire comprising 20 items related to early initiation of breastfeeding. Knowledge levels were categorized as good, moderate, or poor. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and chi-square tests were applied to determine associations between knowledge scores and sociodemographic factors.
Result: Among the 150 participants, 45 (30%) demonstrated good knowledge, 72 (48%) exhibited moderate knowledge, and 33 (22%) had poor knowledge regarding early breastfeeding initiation. A statistically significant association was found between maternal educational status and knowledge scores (p < 0.05), with higher education levels correlating with greater awareness and understanding.
Conclusion: The study highlights the need for structured antenatal educational programs to enhance maternal knowledge about the benefits and timing of early breastfeeding initiation. Strengthening such awareness during pregnancy can improve breastfeeding practices, leading to better health outcomes for both mothers and newborns.

Background: The rising environmental burden caused by non-degradable plastics has intensified the demand for sustainable alternatives in food packaging. Biodegradable packaging materials, sourced from plants, animals, and microbial origins, offer eco-friendly solutions while maintaining food quality and safety. Incorporating digital technologies such as smart packaging and blockchain can further enhance traceability, consumer engagement, and supply chain efficiency.
Material and Method: This review consolidates findings from recent studies on biodegradable food packaging materials, focusing on their classifications, structural and functional properties, and applications across food categories. It also examines emerging digital innovations, including Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled smart packaging and blockchain-based systems for tracking material origins and biodegradability certifications. Data were synthesized from over 100 scientific articles to identify performance trends, challenges, and opportunities for integrating IT solutions.
Result: Plant-based polymers (e.g., starch, PLA), animal-derived proteins (e.g., gelatin, chitosan), and microbial biopolymers (e.g., PHAs, PHB) exhibit strong biodegradability and safety profiles. However, 40–60% of studies report limitations in mechanical strength, moisture resistance, and production costs. The integration of IoT-enabled freshness indicators and blockchain-driven supply chain tools is emerging as a pathway to improve usability, traceability, and consumer confidence in biodegradable packaging.
Conclusion: Biodegradable food packaging materials offer a promising route to reducing plastic pollution while meeting sustainability goals. Combining material innovations with IT-driven solutions such as smart monitoring and blockchain can accelerate their adoption, improve supply chain transparency, and enhance consumer engagement. Future work should focus on scaling production, optimizing material performance, and leveraging digital tools to bridge gaps between sustainability, cost, and functionality.

Aspiration pneumonia is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when food, liquids, saliva, or gastric contents are inhaled into the lungs, leading to infection and inflammation. It is particularly common among vulnerable populations, including elderly individuals, patients with neurological impairments such as stroke or Parkinson’s disease, those with dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), and people who rely on feeding tubes. In healthcare settings, especially hospitals and long-term care facilities, aspiration pneumonia is a significant contributor to extended hospital stays, increased healthcare costs, and higher mortality rates.
In this complex and high-risk clinical landscape, nurses play a pivotal role in both the prevention and management of aspiration pneumonia. Positioned at the front lines of patient care, nurses are often the first to observe subtle signs of aspiration—such as coughing during meals, altered breath sounds, or sudden drops in oxygen saturation—and can initiate early interventions that prevent deterioration. Their responsibilities extend far beyond routine monitoring. Nurses are directly involved in implementing evidence-based strategies including safe feeding practices, proper patient positioning, rigorous oral hygiene protocols, and timely suctioning to maintain airway patency.
Moreover, nurses serve as key collaborators in interdisciplinary care teams, coordinating with speech-language pathologists, dietitians, respiratory therapists, and physicians to optimize care plans for at-risk individuals. They also educate patients and caregivers, ensuring that preventive strategies continue at home after discharge. This narrative review draws on research studies, clinical guidelines, and case reports to explore how nurse-led interventions have successfully mitigated the impact of aspiration pneumonia. It highlights not only the clinical effectiveness of nursing strategies but also their essential contribution to compassionate, holistic care—underscoring the importance of nursing vigilance, training, and empowerment in combating this preventable condition.

The rice gall midge is one of major pests, affecting seriously the rice cultivation in South, South East Asian and African countries. The maggots feed internally on the growing tips of the tillers and transform them into tubular galls called silver shoots.  The field incidence of gall midge depends on the environmental conditions and management of rice crop. This pest is genetically diverse and many gall midge biotypes are known to exist in each country. So far, seven biotypes in India, four biotypes in China, three biotypes in Thailand and two biotypes in Srilanka were reported.  Several gall midge resistant donors like Eswarakora, Ptb 18, Ptb 21, Siam 29 and Leuang 152 etc. were identified.  Resistance against this pest in most cases is controlled by a single dominant locus and till date, twelve non allelic resistance genes (Gm1-Gm12) conferring resistance to various gall midge biotypes has been identified. Molecular markers have been used to map these gall midge resistance genes and eight gall midge resistance genes Gm-1 to Gm-8 are either tagged or mapped. The tedious work over years has resulted in the tagging and mapping of Gm1 on chromosome 9, Gm2, gm3, Gm 6(t) and Gm7 on chromosome 4, Gm4 andGm8 on chromosome 8 and Gm5 on chromosome 12 of rice.  Though several management tactics are available to combat this insect pest; for the last three decades, host plant resistance has proved to be the most effective mechanism of controlling the rice gall midge.