Diabetes Mellitus, also known as Madhumeh, is a prevalent metabolic disorder. It is widely recognized that diabetes remains incurable, with no documented cases of complete remission. The allopathic medical system, while commonly used, is often expensive and primarily provides symptomatic relief without restoring the body to its normal physiological state. Furthermore, long-term use of allopathic treatments can result in various adverse effects. Consequently, the effective management of diabetes remains a significant challenge. Numerous herbs have been rigorously tested in laboratory settings, demonstrating their efficacy in lowering blood glucose levels. The Mandla district in Madhya Pradesh is inhabited by various tribal communities and villagers who possess extensive knowledge of the medicinal applications of local flora. This paper explores 25 medicinal plants of 19 distinct families utilized by the tribal populations of Mandla for their antidiabetic properties.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that causes HIV infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (Douek et al., 2009). AIDS is a condition in humans in which progressive failure of immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive. In the present study carried out on 942 patients with various sexually transmitted diseases 65 patients were found to be seropositive for HIV. Out of these 42 were males (64.61%) while 23 were females (35.38%) which are lower than Burzin et al. (2006) from Ahmedabad reported 77.51% males and 22.49% females found seropositive for HIV. This might be due to less no. of patients in our study. Large number of cases in males in comparison to females is explained from the fact that in females the social stigma and discrimination prevents the women to seek help of STD clinic facility, which in turn contribute higher cases in males. Hence, our study support the males are affected than the opposite sex. Among 65 HIV patients, herpes Progenitalis is the commonest STD with 28 cases (43.07%), followed by Syphilis (18.45%), Mixed VDs (12.3%), Molluscum contagiosum (7.69%), Gonorrhoea (6.15%), Chancroid (4.61%), Condyloma acuminate (3.07%), Granuloma Inguinale (1.53%), Lymphogranuloma venereum (1.53%) and Nongonococcal urethritis (1.53%) indicating that HIV is co-supplemented with STDs and such STD patients are high risk of HIV Seropositivity.

Periodontitis is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease caused by microorganisms in dental plaque, with its primary pathological mechanism involving an imbalance between oral pathogens and the host immune system. The typical manifestations of periodontitis include alveolar bone resorption, periodontal pocket formation, and tooth mobility or even loss. In recent years, probiotics have garnered significant attention as a potential therapeutic approach for periodontitis; however, their mechanisms of action, clinical applications, and evaluation require further in-depth research. This review aims to explore the metabolic regulatory effects of probiotics on periodontitis-associated pathogens, immune responses in periodontal tissues, and systemic diseases related to periodontitis. The goal is to elucidate the mechanisms underlying probiotic treatment for periodontitis and provide a theoretical basis for developing more effective probiotic strategies to prevent and treat the disease.