Edentulism, the complete loss of the natural dentition, is a clinical condition that severely compromises the morphology and function of the orofacial system. The complete loss of teeth not only significantly impairs masticatory efficiency and phonetic function but also leads to distinct changes in facial aesthetics, such as a reduction in the lower one-third of the facial height and the collapse of lip and cheek support. Furthermore, this condition can compromise the patient's overall systemic health through restricted nutritional intake, an increased risk of oral mucosal trauma, and adverse psychosocial impacts. As the global population ages, the prevalence of edentulism is steadily increasing, leading to a growing clinical demand for prosthetic rehabilitation. Current prosthodontic treatment modalities for edentulism primarily include conventional complete dentures (CD), suction-effective complete dentures (e.g., Biofunctional Prosthetic System, BPS), implant-retained overdentures (IOD), and implant-supported fixed dental prostheses (ISFDP). In recent years, the integration of digital technologies—such as computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), intraoral and desktop scanning, 3D printing, and surgical guides—into the complete workflow has significantly enhanced prosthetic accuracy, clinical efficiency, and the predictability of treatment outcomes. This article systematically reviews the clinical workflows, indications, and limitations of various rehabilitation modalities for edentulous patients. It also explores the emerging trends in digital and implant prosthodontics, aiming to provide an evidence-based reference for the clinical formulation of individualized treatment plans.

Autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) is a blood-derived material rich in a variety of growth factors obtained by autologous blood centrifugation. Since the 21st century, the clinical application and use of APC in medicine and surgery has been booming. It is widely used in orthopedics, plastic surgery and sports surgery, and plays an important role in improving the predictability of tissue regeneration. In 1998, Robert first proposed that the use of autologous platelet concentrate can be used to improve the healing of oral and maxillofacial bone tissue. This article will review the clinical application of autologous platelet in impacted tooth extraction in oral and maxillofacial surgery, summarize its effect in tissue repair and control of postoperative complications, and provide basis for the treatment of impacted tooth extraction in oral and maxillofacial surgery in the future.

This review presents an integrative summary of the ethnomedicinal heritage, detailed pharmacognostic characteristics, and validated pharmacological advances of Helicteres isora Linn. (Indian Screw Tree, Avartani), a medicinal plant traditionally valued in Ayurvedic, Siddha, Unani, and various folk medicine systems across Southern Asia. Historically, its uniquely spirally twisted fruit has been primarily used to treat gastrointestinal disorders (dysentery, diarrhea, abdominal pain) and is also employed for diabetes, skin infections, and post-delivery weakness, adhering to the traditional doctrine "Yatra A krutihi Tatra GunaahaVasanti". Phytochemical screening confirms the presence of a rich array of bioactive compounds, notably polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and steroids. Key isolated compounds include rosmarinic acid and its derivatives (fruit), β-sitosterol (stem bark/root), and the cytotoxic triterpenoids cucurbitacin B and isocucurbitacin B (root). Modern pharmacological research substantiates its traditional uses, demonstrating significant antidiabetic (insulin-sensitizing and hypolipidemic), antimicrobial (against enteric pathogens and XDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa), antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities. These findings strongly support the medicinal efficacy of H. isora and underscore its potential as a valuable source for developing novel therapeutic agents.

Aspergillus flavus presents a profound paradox, acting as a widespread saprophyte yet posinga major threat to public health and global agriculture, often linked to the "Pharaoh's Curse."Its most devastating effect is the production of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), classified as a potentGroup I carcinogen. AFB1 contaminates crucial global crops, such as maize and peanuts, especially under drought and high temperatures, causing significant economic losses and foodsafety crises. The toxicity is driven by cytochrome P-450 hepatic metabolism, which createsthe reactive AFB1 8,9-epoxide that initiates hepatocellular carcinoma. Beyond itstoxigenicity, A. flavus is also the second leading cause of invasive aspergillosis inimmunocompromised patients. Effective management requires a dual approach.Pharmacologically, newer triazoles like voriconazole are essential for treating infections.Agriculturally, preventative strategies are vital, including developing AFB1-resistant cropsand using biocontrol with non-toxigenic strains. Recent breakthroughs are transforming theperception of this fungus: the discovery of anti-cancer compounds like asperigimycins derived from A. flavus shows targeted efficacy against leukemia, shifting the narrative towarda potential cancer cure. Overcoming this health and economic burden requires a sustained,collaborative effort across agricultural and medical boundaries.

Alopecia, or hair loss, is a complex and multifactorial disorder that affects individuals of all genders, often resulting in considerable psychological and emotional distress. Conventional therapeutic options such as minoxidil, finasteride, and corticosteroids frequently provide only partial efficacy and may lead to undesirable side effects. This has driven increasing interest in the development of safer and more effective herbal alternatives. Medicinal plants are a rich source of bioactive compounds known to stimulate hair growth, enhance microcirculation in the scalp, and inhibit enzymes like 5-α-reductase, which are implicated in hair follicle regression. Prominent herbs such as Eclipta alba (Bhringraj), Emblica officinalis (Amla), Aloe vera, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary), and Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) have exhibited significant potential in preclinical and clinical studies. Their phytoconstituents, including flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and phenolic compounds, contribute to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and follicle-stimulating activities. This review consolidates existing scientific data on the therapeutic role of herbs in alopecia management, elucidating their mechanisms of action, major constituents, and future prospects in formulating effective herbal hair growth remedies.

Barleria prionitis commonly known as Vajradantiis a historically significant perennial herb that is widely used in traditional medical systems, such as Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani, across Asia and Africa. Traditionally, it has been revered for its effectiveness in treating dental problems (its name Vajradanti, translates to “diamond teeth”), as well as for managing inflammation, cough, fever, and liver disorders. Ayurvedic literature describes the herb as beneficial for reducing Vata and Kapha doshas. Phytochemical analyses identify several potent bioactive compounds in B. prionitis, including the iridoid glycosides barlerin and acetyl barlerin, phenolic acids such as syringic acid, the flavonoid luteolin, and triterpenes like lupeol. Modern pharmacological research not only validates its traditional uses but also highlights additional therapeutic properties. These include anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic, antioxidant and hepatoprotective, antibacterial and antifungal, antidiabetic, and antifertility activities. Collectively, the scientific evidence strongly supports B. prionitis as a valuable medicinal resource, relevant to traditional healthcare practices and to the development of potential new therapeutic agents.

Large bone defects and nonunion fractures remain serious clinical challenges due to the limited regenerative capacity of adult bone and the drawbacks of autografts/allografts. Conventional hydrogels offer a three-dimensional scaffold for cells but often lack intrinsic osteogenic cues and sufficient mechanical strength. Piezoelectric hydrogels – polymer networks embedded with piezoelectric materials – can convert physiological mechanical loads into local electrical signals, thereby mimicking bone’s native electromechanical environment. Recent studies have shown that such electroactive scaffolds can strongly promote osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and immune modulation in vitro and in vivo. For example, a silk–zinc oxide (ZnO) composite hydrogel generated electrical stimulation under body motion, significantly enhancing mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) osteogenic differentiation and vascular network formation in a rat defect model. Here we review the fundamentals, mechanisms, design principles, and applications of piezoelectric hydrogels for bone repair. We discuss how embedded piezoelectric components (e.g. ZnO, barium titanate, electrospun PVDF fibers) endow hydrogels with electromechanical responsiveness, and how the resulting bioelectric cues regulate cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, and macrophage polarization Design strategies (choice of polymers, fillers, and crosslinking) and key parameters (mechanical modulus, piezoelectric output, biodegradability, injectability, etc.) are highlighted. Representative application scenarios – from implantable scaffolds to injectable or 3D-printed constructs, often combined with cells/exosomes or growth factors – are surveyed. Finally, we address challenges (e.g. long-term signal stability, biosafety, and translation barriers) and future directions toward “smart” piezoelectric biomaterials. Altogether, piezoelectric hydrogels represent a promising direction at the interface of materials science and bone bioengineering for enhanced bone regeneration.

This study assessed the variability of environmental noise risk and sensitivities across landuse types in the BRACED States of Nigeria (including states such as Bayelsa, Rivers, Akwa Ibom, Cross River, and Edo). The direct field measurement involving sound pressure levels (dB) recording were done at the industrial, residential, transport, and commercial zones during the morning, afternoon, and evening hours.Findings showed that the mean noise levels ranged from 76.0 ± 2.5 dB in Cross River to 92.8 ± 3.1 dB in industrial zones of Rivers. Industrial areas recorded the highest averages: Rivers (92.8 ± 3.1 dB), Delta (87.0 ± 2.8 dB), Edo (85.7 ± 2.9 dB), and Bayelsa (84.6 ± 2.7 dB), while Akwa Ibom and Cross River remained below the WHO 85 dB threshold (83.5 ± 2.5 dB and 78.9 ± 2.6 dB, respectively). Residential zones ranged from 62.4 ± 2.1 dB in Cross River to 71.9 ± 2.3 dB in Rivers, exceeding WHO limits (55 dB daytime, 45 dB nighttime) by 10–26 dB. Transport zones averaged 74.2 ± 2.4 dB to 84.9 ± 2.7 dB, above the 70 dB limit, while commercial zones ranged from 69.2 ± 2.2 dB to 80.5 ± 2.8 dB, this surpassed the WHO 70 dB threshold.Paired t-tests showed that all deviations from WHO standards were statistically significant (p < 0.05), particularly in residential and transport areas.The findings highlighted widespread acoustic stress linked to industrialization, traffic congestion, and poor urban planning. It is concluded that noise pollution in the BRACED region poses significant public health risks, thus recommendations such aspublic sensitization, enforcement of urban planning laws, implementation of regular noise monitoring programmes, use of quieter technologies and sound barriers in high-traffic and densely populated areas are made.