Introduction: Drosophila melanogaster Harwich strain acute lethality, including lethal concentrations of extracts in 50% of experimental flies (LC50s), following a 4-day oral exposure to aqueous (ADME) & aqueous ethanol (AEDME) Datura metel leaf extracts, and their phytochemical compositions were investigated. This was necessary prior to an anticipated efficacy study on these extracts.
Methodology: Groups (n=25) of flies in triplicate treatment vials were exposed to graded concentrations (0.0, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, 100, & 1000 mg ADME or AEDME) per 10g of standard corn meal for 4 days. Treatment group (N=75) mortalities (ADME, 2 (2.7%), 2(2.7%), 2(2.7%), 2(2.7%), 5 (6.7%) & 23 (30.7%); AEDME, 2(2.7%), 1 (1.3%), 1 (1.3%), 1 (1.3%), 7 (9.3%) & 37 (49.3%), respectively, and behavioral (rapid iterative negative geotaxis) testing for locomotory activity were determined/recorded for the different treatment groups. Secondary metabolites were screened for as either present (+) or absent (-) in the extracts using standard phytochemical analytic procedures. LC50s were determined as probits (mortalities) corresponding to 50% lethality on the probits table generated from the extract dose-response (mortality) logit regression analyses using IBM SPSS analytics software. LC50s were expressed as extract concentration per10 g feed. Results of comparative locomotory activity were expressed as percentages (%).
Results: 1309.3 and 1001.7 mg/10 g corn meal, respectively, were found to be ADME and AEDME’s LC50sin Drosophila strain in our laboratory. Eight (8) different metabolites, including alkaloids, were present in both extracts.
Discussion/Conclusion: These findings imply ADME & AEDME are relatively safe. They may represent first acute toxicity report on Datura metel’s extracts. Secondary metabolites detected in them may account for the reported pharmacological & toxicological properties of these and other Datura metel’s extracts.

Agricultural fertilization increases efficiency and improves product quality recovery during agricultural activities. However, the major routes through which humans are exposed to ionizing radiation are via the food chain, which results in the absorption of radionuclides. This research work was carried out to determine the radioactivity concentration, hazard indices, and absorbed dose rate of some fertilizers used in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Six different fertilizer samples (Cow dung, Chicken dung, NPK 20:10:10, Urea, NPK 15:15:15, NARICT Minero-organic NPK 7:7:7) were used for the study, and a NaI (TI) gamma–ray spectrometer was used to determine the activity concentrations. The results showed that 226Ra concentration was lower than the recommended threshold of 35Bq/kg in all the samples. Except for urea and cow dung, the concentration of 40K for all other fertilizer samples was above the UNSCEAR-recommended threshold of 420 Bq/kg. Also, the fertilizer samples were all above the recommended threshold of 45Bq/kg for 232Th. Internal and external hazard indices were lower than recommended limits of ≤ 1, respectively, except for NPK 15:15:15, while the gamma index and dose rates were higher than the UNSCEAR recommended threshold of ≤ 1, 60nGy/hr and 84nGy/hr, respectively, for all samples.

In this article we consider the origin and subsequent evolution of our planet. Theoretical studies are based on the author's theory of vortex gravity, cosmology and cosmogony, and also on the law of conservation of the angular momentum of the body's rotation. As a practical justification for calculations and conclusions, the well-known fact of slowing the rotation of the Earth is used. The principles of the formation of elementary particles and all types of inorganic and organic substances are proposed. The calculation of the physical state of our planet in the past and in the future is done. The age of the Earth is calculated in the article, which exceeds the generally accepted value by 1.2 billion years. It is shown that the principle of the origin and evolution of the Earth is fully applicable for the genesis of all other celestial bodies.

Patient safety depends, above all, on the people who notice things first — and that has always been nurses. They are the ones who catch a deteriorating vital sign, intercept a medication error before it reaches the patient, break a chain of infection, and speak up when something looks wrong. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is now reshaping how that vigilance happens, offering predictive analytics, real-time decision support, and automation that takes some of the administrative weight off clinical staff. None of this replaces nursing judgment; it extends it. This article looks at how nursing practice is changing as AI becomes part of everyday clinical workflows, what new competencies that demands, and how Apollo Hospitals has approached the transition — through its Integrated Patient Electronic Medical Record (IPEMR), predictive clinical algorithms, AI-assisted documentation, and structured digital training for nursing staff. The through line is that AI's value in healthcare will be determined less by the sophistication of the algorithms and more by whether nurses are equipped, and trusted, to use them safely and ethically.

Poisoning remains a major medical emergency worldwide, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Antidotes play a vital role in the management of poisoning by preventing toxin absorption, neutralizing toxic substances, accelerating detoxification, inhibiting the formation of harmful metabolites, or competitively blocking receptor sites. Although supportive care forms the cornerstone of toxicological management, specific antidotes can significantly improve clinical outcomes when used appropriately. This review discusses the definition and need for antidotes, mechanisms of action, routes of administration, and classification based on site and mode of action. It also highlights antidotes used for drugs acting on the nervous system, cardiovascular agents, metals, pesticides, chemicals, antibiotics, anticancer agents, and toxins from animal bites and food poisoning. Understanding the rational use, mechanism, and timely administration of antidotes is essential to reduce toxicity, prevent complications, and improve recovery in cases of acute poisoning.