1.Factors impact on turnover of Jordanian rural physicians

Moawiah Khatatbeh* and Sireen Alkhaldi

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Abstract

Aim: The high turnover of physicians in rural areas of Jordan has adversely affected the provision of primary health care services. This study was undertaken to understand the reasons for this high turnover and to inform health policy makers to formulate more effective strategies to counter this problem.

Methods: A qualitative design was chosen for this study using focus group discussions. Four focus group discussions were conducted involving currently posted rural physicians, previously posted rural physicians, health directors, and consumers of health services from rural communities respectively.

Results: A large number of personal, organizational, work related and socio-cultural factors were identified and found to be associated with turnover of rural physicians. These factors included poor financial incentives, lack of professional development, rural background of medical practitioners and rural exposure during training, transportation issues, social isolation of rural physicians, lack of treatment facilities, poor general services, lack of resources, and lack of opportunities for spouses’ career.

Conclusion: Physicians in rural Jordan are dissatisfied with a large range of organizational, social and personal factors. These factors could impede the quality of health services offered to rural communities. It is important to provide monetary and other professional incentives to rural physicians, in addition to selecting physicians with rural background or rural exposure to practice in rural areas.

2.Evaluate the patients of hemoptysis with apparently normal chest x-ray by various modalities

Pramod Thakra, Saroj Kumari, Rajendra SaugaT*, Manak Gujrani, Hemant Saini

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Abstract

Introduction: Hemoptysis is defined as expectoration of blood that originates from tracheobronchial tree or pulmonary parenchyma (lower respiratory tract) and mostly bronchial artery is responsible. A large number of patients presenting hemoptysis with normal chest radiographs may have serious underlying disorders. In such patients we required CT scanning with contrast and High resolution and fiber-optic bronchoscopy.

Materials and methods: A total 50 patients had been registered OPD/IPD for study, patients had hemoptysis with apparently normal x-ray chest and patients exclude with having pseudo hemoptysis, spurious hemoptysis, hemtemesis. Sputum for AFB and gram staining, pyogenic culture sensitivity (if needed), Sputum for fungal smear (if needed), Routine Blood examination, Blood biochemistry, Mantaux Test, HRCT. FOB, ECG, if needed 2D ECHO.

Results: In the present study a definite diagnosis was made in 37 patients (74%). The diagnosis was made by HRCT, broncheactisis in 26(52%) of patients, by FOB in another 10(20%). In one patient (2%) the diagnosis was made by the other means (ECHO etc).

3.Study of pathogenic Escherichia coli based on molecular profiling of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance

Amit G. Singh*, A. K. Upadhyay, Maansi, Ipshita, Anil Kumar, and P. K. Singh

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Abstract

Escherichia coli is a bacterium which is responsible for various diseases not only in human but also in domestic animals and poultry. The present study is done with the objective of Isolation of Escherichia coli from postmortem samples of chickens, infants’ faecal samples and calves diarrhoea samples, characterization of Escherichia coli through biochemical tests, pathogenicity test using Swiss albino mice, revelation of antibiotic sensitivity of E. coli isolates and identification of virulence genes by PCR along with in silico study.

4.A comparative case study for cancer risk assessment under probability - generalised fuzzy number

Rupjit Saikia*

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Abstract

An evaluation is required to determine the possible impact of hazardous substances on human health. Due to this reason, a comparative case study for cancer risk assessment under probabilitygeneralised fuzzy number is presented here. The case study is presented here by using two principles, viz, one is by Chen’s Functions principle and the other is by Dutta and Ali. Then we compare the results to find which is more effective.

5.Qualitative estimation of phytochemicals and antimicrobial activity of certain solvent extracts of Curcuma amada Roxb. and Curcuma caesia Roxb. Rhizomes

Rupjyoti Gogoi Borah, Amrita Mech*, and Rajesh Kumar Shah

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Abstract

Background: Microbes are the causal agents of numerous diseases and the culprits of food stuff contamination and spoilage. Antibiotics have been always the first line of self defense against them but there have been a gradual increase in antimicrobial resistance which is an issue of global concern. Thus there is a need of research in new drug discovery. Since time immemorial plants have been used as medicines. They have been housing numerous secondary metabolites or phytochemicals which are reported to have antimicrobial effect. The present study was designed to screen the phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of various solvent extracts of Curcuma amada and Curcuma caesia, two well known aromatic rhizomatous medicinal plants of Zingiberaceae family, used in traditional medicines to cure various diseases.

Methods: Extracts of selected rhizomes were prepared in water, ethanol, methanol and chloroform. Phytochemical screening was done following standard methods. Aqueous and different solvent extracts of the two rhizomes were subjected to antimicrobial assay against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive bacteria), Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis (Gram negative bacteria) and a fungus Aspergillus niger following standard agar well diffusion method.

Results: Phytochemical study showed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, saponin, glycosides, alkaloids and tannins in all the extracts except for the aqueous in which flavonoids and steroids were not detected. Except the aqueous extracts all the other extracts showed significant antimicrobial activity. Methanol and ethanol extracts were found to be most effective. Conclusion: The result obtained thus provide a scientific basis for their use in traditional health care system.

6.Hypoglycaemic effect of Maryadavalli [Ipomoea pes-caprae (Linn.) R. Br.] in alloxan induced diabetic rabbits

Vivek P.*, Jayakumari D., Jayasree P

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Abstract

Introduction: Non communicable diseases these days are causing a havoc in the overall development of humanity. Of all non-communicable diseases, Diabetes Mellitus is playing a notorious role in the devastating phase of public health.. Ayurveda, the life science provides astonishing results in such life style disorders. Vriddhadaru an excellent Ayurvedic drug and Ipomoea pes-caprae has been traditionally used as Vriddhadaru, efective in diabetic management with promising results. But, the anti-diabetic effect of the drug has not been scientifically appreciated. This study ascertains the hypoglycaemic effect of the drug in a pre-clinical model.

Methodology: In the present study, alloxan induced 18 diabetic albino rabbits were divided into 3 groups with 6 rabbits in each group. On the day of experiment, after assessing the fasting blood

sugar levels in all 18 rabbits, root powder of the test drug as CMC suspension in the dose of 0.56 g/kg body weight and the standard drug, metformin; in the dose of 0.024 mg/kg body weight were administered to the first group and second group respectively. The third group was kept as control and administered with distilled water alone. Later, the blood glucose values were taken at 1st, 3rd and 5th hour and the obtained values were compared with in the group and between the groups.

Observations and Results: The blood glucose levels were compared using paired t test for within the group analysis and by student t test for between the group analysis. Within the group comparison of blood sugar level in group 1 showed significant decrease in the level at 1 hour, 3rd hour and 5th hour from the corresponding fasting blood sugar levels. In group 2, significant decrease of blood sugar level was seen between fasting blood sugar level and 1 hour value and also in fasting blood sugar value and 5th hour value. Between group comparison of group 1 and group 2 showed no significant difference in the change of the blood sugar level at different time intervals

Discussion: Ayurvedic literature proposes Pramehaghna property to the drug Vriddhadaru which is substantiated through this pre-clinical trial. Further, hypoglycaemic action of Ipomoea pescaprae

(Linn.) R. Br. is mainly attributable to the chemical constituents which have proven antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Conclusion: From the above study, it is inferred that Ipomoea pes-caprae (Linn.) R. Br. is equally effective in reducing blood sugar levels in Alloxan induced diabetic rabbits against the standard drug Metformin.

7.Nosocomial infections: Importance of surveillance for hospital acquired infections in India: A review of methodology

Deepika Mamidi*

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Abstract

Nosocomial infections play a huge role in increasing the mortality and morbidity rates of Indian statistics. In the present day global standards, the prevalence of nosocomial infections in India is highly un-acceptable. There is a need for a streamlined strategy and protocol to tackle this issue. Every medical set up in our country needs to follow a fixed protocol for surveillance of hospital acquired infections and this will in turn prevent infections and also generate data which will help us improve our infection control rates as per global standards.

8.Study on strength of (1%) glass fiber reinforced, (50%) fly ash and (100%) quarry dust concrete

P. Sudheer*, M. G. Muni Reddy, S. S. S. V. Gopala Raju

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Abstract

Concrete is the most popular construction material in the world and extensively used due to rapid infrastructural growth. This makes scarcity of ingredients and increases the cost of concrete. In this concern, there is a need to identify alternate materials for the ingredients of concrete, especially for cement and fine aggregate. Natural river sand is one of the key ingredients of concrete, which is becoming expensive due to excessive cost of transportation from sources. The production of cement has diminished the limestone reserves in the world and requires a great consumption of energy. To overcome these problems, there is a need of cost effective alternative and innovative materials. The alternative materials are preferably waste products such as quarry dust and fly ash in order to reduce the cost of concrete. The main objective of this study is to study the mechanical characteristics of concrete by various combinations of concrete and fine aggregate replaced by fly ash, quarry dust and glass fibers. It is found that the concrete made with cement replaced with 50% of fly-ash, fine aggregate replaced by 100% quarry dust and 1% glass fiber performed better than other combinations in terms of strength.

9.Unexplained infertility as primary presentation of celiac disease, a case report

P. Sirohi, Akhil Gupta*, P. Sameja, M. Meena, Alok Gehlot

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Abstract

Introduction: Celiac sprue (gluten sensitive enteropathy) is an autoimmune disease which is hereditary and its pathology mainly bases on immunologic intolerance to gluten. It has a vast variety of signs and symptoms and its clinical features range from a silent disease to a typical gastrointestinal disorder. In this study we reviewed and summarized some other related issues about this disease and its relation with infertility

Case report: Gastrointestinal features are common features of coeliac disease but here we report a 21 year old Indian female presented with primary infertility with endoscopic feature suggestive of celiac disease, ruling out other causes of infertility, the cause of her infertility was related to celiac disease

Conclusion: Celiac disease should be considered as a cause of infertility in patients with no established etiology for infertility.

10.Knowledge Attitude and Practice of married women regarding ECP and MTP

Suman Lata*, Ravinder Singh

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Abstract

There is a tremendous change in lifestyle, attitudes and sexual dynamics today and women are often confronting situations in which they are caught unaware. The knowledge, attitude and practice of the mother have significant role in safe using of ECP and prevention of MTP. The present study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of married women in Patiala Punjab who are going to use EC and MTP. The data from 80 married women were obtained. The knowledge of married women was that majority (92.5%) of married women were having poor knowledge more than half 50 (62.5%) of married women having positive attitude and maximum 72 (90%) number of married women were having poor level of practice regarding ECP and MTP. Knowledge of married women regarding ECP and MTP was influenced by age and Family Income per month, Attitude of married women regarding ECP and MTP was influenced by occupation and Practice level of married women regarding ECP and MTP was influenced by religion and occupation. Hence age, family income, occupation and religion should have special knowledge to impart the knowledge of ECP and MTP.

11.Acute Venous Sinus Thrombosis after Chickenpox Infection

P. Sirohi, Akhil Gupta*, P. Sameja, M. Meena, Alok Gehlot

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Abstract

Introduction: Chickenpox is one of the classic childhood diseases presenting with erythmatous rashes with more severe presentation in adults in form of severe systemic and neurological complications. Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a life threatening disorder if not treated in time. We report a patient with post varicella CVT as a rare complication of primary Varicella

zoster virus.

Case Report: Vasculitic arterial infarction is known while venous stroke has rarely been reported with Varicella- zoster virus infection. Here, we report an immunocompetent 18 yr old male who developed chickenpox after contact with his brother a month back. He presented with acute neurological deficit, three week after onset of skin lesion. MR venography revealed nonvisualisation of left transverse sinus and left sigmoid sinus suggestive of venous sinus thrombosis.

Conclusion: Varicella infection is rarely associated with venous sinus thrombosis. Possibly hypercoagulable state produced by the infection or direct invasion of virus in venous endothelial wall with subsequent damage to endothelium leading to thrombosis could be the cause.

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January ,2016

1.Factors impact on turnover of Jordanian rural physicians

2.Evaluate the patients of hemoptysis with apparently normal chest x-ray by various modalities

3.Study of pathogenic Escherichia coli based on molecular profiling of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance

4.A comparative case study for cancer risk assessment under probability - generalised fuzzy number

5.Qualitative estimation of phytochemicals and antimicrobial activity of certain solvent extracts of Curcuma amada Roxb. and Curcuma caesia Roxb. Rhizomes

6.Hypoglycaemic effect of Maryadavalli [Ipomoea pes-caprae (Linn.) R. Br.] in alloxan induced diabetic rabbits

7.Nosocomial infections: Importance of surveillance for hospital acquired infections in India: A review of methodology

8.Study on strength of (1%) glass fiber reinforced, (50%) fly ash and (100%) quarry dust concrete

9.Unexplained infertility as primary presentation of celiac disease, a case report

10.Knowledge Attitude and Practice of married women regarding ECP and MTP

11.Acute Venous Sinus Thrombosis after Chickenpox Infection

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