1. The relationship between obesity and sex hormones in infertile women

Singh N., Hooja N.^*, Mital P., Gothwal S., Andaleeb F.

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Abstract

Introduction:

Obesity causes alteration of sex hormones levels and should be evaluated as the cause of altered sex hormonal profile. Aim: To determine the effect of obesity on sex hormones in both fertile and infertile women

Method :

Serum levels of LH, FSH, free testosterone on day three of menses were determined quantitatively to find the relation and contribution of obesity and sex hormones in causation of infertility.

Results :

Obesity caused increase of serum LH levels in both fertile and infertile women. Value of FSH was significantly decreased in infertile women and obesity affected increase in serum Free Testosterone levels in both fertile and infertile women

Conclusion :

Obesity causes increase of LH and free testosterone in both fertile and infertile women.Baseline levels of serum FSH were lower in infertile women as compared to fertile women.Obesity did not alter the levels of serum FSH.

2.A rare case report of myoid hamartoma of breast with fibroadenomatoid hyperplasia

Sapna M.^*, Magdalene K.F.

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Abstract

Myoid hamartoma of breast is a rare entity and displays marked smooth muscle cells. We present a case of myoid hamartoma of breast with fibroadenomatoid hyperplasia in a 34 year old woman. She had a painless breast lump which was excised. Macroscopically, it was a well circumscribed non encapsulated tumor with fatty tissue in between. Microscopically, the tumor showed mammary lobules, adipose tissue, fibrous stroma and smooth muscle cells. Focal areas of fibroadenomatoid hyperplasia was also noted. Immunohistochemistry showed positive for SMA and desmin in smooth muscle cells.

3.The Ushering of the New Era by Compyu-Sapiens

Molia Hardik K.^*

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Abstract

In today’s world, from peons to the president everyone is using the computers, directly or indirectly, knowingly or unknowingly, regularly, or rarely. “Homo sapiens” is the Latin term used to describe human beings. The paper describes the current generation of the human as computer human, computer sapiens and a new word named as “Compyu-Sapiens”. The paper is based on study of the impact of computers in the human life style. Various advantages and disadvantages of computers are described along with some examples

4.Stress levels, gender and “Examination Performance” of medical students

Parikh Hemant C.^*

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Abstract

Introduction:

The effects of stress are known to be multi faceted. Hans Selye, the father of the science of stress, studied effects of stress on the human body. Performance of a person in examination depends on many factors. In present study, we attempted to find stress levels, gender and their correlation with the examination performance of first year medical students.

Material and methods:

In present study, we asked the first year medical students to rate their perceived level of stress in percentage score from 0-100, 100 being the highest. We correlated this stress level and gender, with subject’s examination performance.

Results:

It was found that stress levels higher than 40, lead to decrease in examination performance. We also found girls having negtive correlation with rising stress, where as boys showed positive correlation. This dichotomy needs further confirmation.

5.Maternal and foetal outcome in twin pregnancy - A study at tertiary care teaching hospital

Salvi A., Saini L., Mital P.^*, Shekhawat U., Battar A., Gupta D.

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Abstract

Introduction:

The prevalence of multiple births has been increasing due to widespread use of assisted reproductive techniques and advancing maternal age at conception. Twin pregnancy is considered a high risk pregnancy due to associated high maternal morbidity and perinatal mortality.

Objective:

To study the maternal and the fetal outcome in twin pregnancy at a tertiary care teaching hospital, Jaipur.

Methods:

This descriptive observational study was conducted in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, S.M.S. Medical College, Jaipur from January to June 2014. All women with twin pregnancy of more than 28 weeks admitted in the labour room were recruited in the study after obtaining written informed consent. Various demographic features, complications of pregnancy, maternal and neonatal outcome were recorded and analyzed. Results:

Occurrence of twin pregnancy was 2.82%. Mean age of the women was 28.4 ± 5.7 years and mean gestational age at the time of delivery was 34.36 ± 2.24 weeks. Commonest foetal presentation was both twins in cephalic presentation. Premature labour was the commonest problem observed in 60.7% cases followed by anemia (48%), pregnancy induced hypertension (29%). Prematurity, septicemia, respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary haemorrhagewere the common cause of perinatal death. Mean Perinatl Mortality Rate was 264.5 per 1000 birth.

Conclusion:

Multiple pregnancies present numerous challenges for the obstetrician from conception onwards, until the timing and mode of delivery. All of these high-risk pregnancies require careful consideration with regard to the management of their specific complications at a higher center.

6.Thyroid functions in early pregnancy loss

Jourwal S.^*, Agarwal M., Rajoria L., Verma A.

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Abstract

Objective:

To evaluate the relation of timing of pregnancy loss with subclinical hypothyroidism and TPO antibodies (Thyroid autoimmunity).

Methods:

144 pregnant women with diagnosis of early pregnancy loss (<12 wks), coming to OPD were recruited for study after applying exclusion criteria. Miscarriages were classified as very early pregnancy loss (VEPL) (crown rump length 10 mm) and early pregnancy loss (crown rump length >10mm). Blood samples were taken for assays of T4, TSH, TPO antibodies, then women were subdivided into four groups: - Euthyroid (ET), Subclinical Hypothyroidism (SH), Overt Hypothyroidism (OH) and Thyroid Autoimmunity (TAI).

Results:

78.4% women had normal thyroid function, 16% cases had positive thyroid antibodies and 5.6% patients were found to had subclinical hypothyroidism. Serum TSH levels were found to be higher in the VEPL group (2.73 IU/ml) than in the EPL group (1.78 IU/ml) (p<0.001) and in patients affected by SH (4.5 IU/ml) compared to ET (1.8 IU/ml) and autoimmune women (1.8 IU/ml) (p<0.001). In women with SH mean gestational age at abortion was 6.3 wks whereas in ET and TAI groups the mean gestational age at abortion was 7.97 wks and 8.47 wks respectively (p<0.001). Conclusion:

Both thyroid diseases subclinical hypothyroidism and autoimmune disorder are independently associated with early pregnancy loss, but women suffering from subclinical hypothyroidism have a lower gestational age at abortion.

7.Conventional herbarium for rare orchid species

Chhetri G., De L.C.^*, Rai D.

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Abstract

The present study paper deals with the herbariums of rare orchid species collected and conserved at National Research Centre for Orchids, (ICAR), Pakyong, Sikkim. In this initial effort a total of 60 orchid species with 29 genera have been incorporated, assembled mostly from NE region of India including Sikkim. This effort is to record all the available species of orchids in the campus with their proper names along with their phenology etc. for future reference.

8.Study of lipid profile in pulmonary tuberculosis patients and relapse cases in relation with disease severity - A pilot study

Taparia P.¹, Yadav D.¹, Koolwal S.², Mishra S.^1*

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Abstract

Background:

Malnutrition and Tuberculosis are synergistically associated to each other. Any inflammatory condition following infection causes release of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) which adversely affects host lipid by causing enhanced lipid peroxidation.

Objective:

To determine the level of Lipid fractions in Newly Diagnosed and Relapse Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients and also to find correlation between serum lipid level with inflammation and disease severity. Materials and methods: 32 newly diagnosed and 26 relapsed cases to PTB were recruited for the study. Patients were both male and female with average age 37.16±1.2 years and 39.44±1.5 years respectively. 25 age and gender matched healthy subjects that were non family members of patients were taken as controls for comparison. Fasting serum lipid profile (Total Cholesterol (TC),Triglyceride(TG), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c) , Low density Lipoprotein (LDL) and Very Low density Lipoprotein (VLDL) and CRP along with ADA were estimated.

Results and discussion:

All lipid parameters were significantly (p<0.05) low in both newly diagnosed and relapse cases of Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) than controls. TC and LDL level were significantly higher in relapsed patients than new PTB cases. Inflammatory markers (ADA and CRP) increased significantly (p<0.05) in both new and relapsed group according to control group. Cholesterol and LDL are moderately correlated to serum ADA as compared to CRP, however no significant correlation was observed between other lipid parameters with ADA or CRP. However, lipid parameters are well correlated with smear positivity extent indicating that SPE is a better measure to assess disease severity which involves progressive decrease in serum lipids.

Conclusion:

Hypocholesterolemia exists in both newly diagnosed and relapse PTB patients and is one of the many nutritional factors predisposing to TB infection. Serum lipids affect overall strength of immune system with cholesterol being most widely studied in this aspect. SPE (Smear Positivity Extent) shows strong correlation with serum lipids in PTB patients , indicating its reliability in assessing dyslipidemia in PTB patients.

9.Drug safety in pregnancy

Soni M.^1*, Soni P.², Singh K.¹

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Abstract

The safety of drug use in pregnancy is often an enigma. Pregnant women are a particularly vulnerable population and health-care professionals should be familiar with the medications that can be used. Patient’s apprehension about drug use in pregnancy is also an important concern. This article is framed with a motive to discuss the commonly used drugs and their safety profiles in pregnancy.

10.Knowledge, beliefs and practices of primary caregivers of children attending a well-baby clinic in a Sri Lankan suburb regarding giving medicines to children

Weeraratne C.L.^1*, Annalingam A.², Perera K.D.R.³

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Abstract

Introduction:

Mothers and other primary caregivers of infants and preschool children are responsible for giving medicines to them. To ensure safe and effective medicine administration to young children they need to have the relevant knowledge, skills, believes and practices. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, beliefs and practices of primary caregivers regarding giving medications to children.

Methods:

A descriptive cross sectional study was done at a well- baby clinic of a suburban area. Study participants were the mothers and other primary caregivers of children attending the wellbaby clinic, who have previously administered medicines to children. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to gather data. Results:

Only half of the participants knew that a medicine had a generic name and brand names and knew what they meant. Majority (73.7%) believed that non- prescription medicines should not be given to children without consulting a doctor. Majority knew that paracetamol (88.4%) and gripe water (57.9%) were non-prescription medicines but believed that oral rehydration salts (ORS) and chlorpheniramine were prescription medicines. Though the majority (90.5%) knew that medicine doses should be calculated according to the body weight of the child, 57.9% used age specific paracetamol doses for their children. Though the majority has used ORS previously nearly half of them did not remember the proper way of preparing and using it. Though 88.4% said that they read medicine labels and leaflets 70.5% were not aware that they provided information on adverse effects. They thought antibiotics were suitable to be used without prescriptions and should be given when children developed fever or cough. Conclusion:

This study shows that there were deficiencies in the knowledge, beliefs and practices of mothers regarding giving medicines to their children.

11.Microbiological profile of diabetic foot infections in a tertiary care hospital in South India - A prospective study

Kandati J.^1*, Pathapati R.M.², Buchineni M.², Sateesh S.³, Premanadam N.

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Abstract

Background:

Diabetic foot infection [DFI] is one of the most common complications in diabetic patient population in which require hospitalization. This leads to long hospital stay and more morbidity.

Objectives:

To study the relative frequency of bacterial pathogens from diabetic foot infections and to find their in vitro susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs in use. To find the drug resistance pattern with reference to ESBL (Extended-Spectrum beta Lactamase) production among isolates.

Methods:

In our prospective study all possible specimens from DFI which were graded as per Wagner’s scoring were collected and processed as per standard guidelines. The isolates were identified by standard biochemical tests and antibiogram performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and interpreted as per The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Screening for MRSA and ESBL production was done as per standard procedures. Results: A total of 378 cases with 281 males and 97 females were included.345 specimens yielded positive growth with total 425 isolates.81.16% showed single isolate and rest 2 or 3 isolates. Gram negative organisms were more common than gram positive organisms. Staphylococcus aureus was the commonest followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in ours study. Others were S.epidermidis, E.coli, K.pneumoniae, Acinetobacter, Proteus sp, Enterococci sp. Vancomcin, Linezolid and Teicoplanin demonstrated 100% sensitivity to Gram positive pathogens and MRSA. Gram negative pathogens exhibited maximum sensitivity to Colistin, Carbapenems and Ps.aeruginosa to Polymixin-B.

Conclusion:

To conclude Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the common pathogens in DFI. Multi drug resistance among the pathogens is an alarming condition. Vancomycin, Imipenems and Colistin are the first line drugs of choice to start empirical therapy in DFI.

12.FNAC diagnosis of proliferative myositis in axilla - A case report

Singhal M.^1*, Kalhan S.², Agrawal R.³, Sharma S.⁴, Dudani S.⁴

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Abstract

Pseudosarcomatous lesions are reactive proliferative lesions of the soft tissue, that are likely to be misdiagnosed as malignant. Based on clinical and histological features, the most common lesions are nodular fasciitis (NF), proliferative fasciitis (PF), proliferative myositis and myositis ossificans (1).

A case of proliferative myositis (PM) diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAB) is presented herewith. A 30-year-old male presented with a one cm firm, tender mass involving the right axilla. FNAC showed loose clusters of uniform, fibroblast like spindle cells and admixed large, ganglion cell-like cells with eccentric nuclei, prominent nucleoli and abundant cytoplasm. Giant cells were numerous. The cytologic appearance of PM is characteristic, allowing exclusion of malignancy. Reliable FNAC diagnosis, supported by clinical findings eliminates unnecessary radical surgery. FNAC is an effective diagnostic tool for NF, PF, and PM.

13.Combined mammographic and sonographic evaluation of breast masses

Ramakrishna Narra^*, Naganarasimha Raju Jukuri, Bhimeswarao Pasupaleti, Suseel Kumar Kamaraju, Kiranmai

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Abstract

Aims and Objectives:

To evaluate the role of combined mammographic and sonomammographic imaging in patients with breast masses. Materials and

Methods:

The study done over a period of 18 months, included 60 female patients aged 30 or above with breast masses who underwent combined mammographic and sonomammographic evaluation. Results:

24 (40%) of the 60 palpable abnormalities were benign and 14 (58.3%) of these benign lesions were visible both on mammography and sonography. 8 (33.3%) of the 24 benign lesions were mammographically occult and identified at sonographic evaluation only. 2 (8.3%) lesions were sono graphically occult and visualized on mammography alone. In 9 (15%) of the 60 cases, imaging evaluation resulted in a suspicious assessment for malignancy and all these lesions underwent biopsy and 3(33.3%) were diagnosed as having malignancy and 6 (55.5%) cases were benign. 28 (45%) of the 60 abnormalities had negative imaging assessment finding. Of these 10 (37.03%) patients underwent biopsy on basis of very strong clinical suspicion(positive family history etc)and all of them were benign. The sensitivity and negative predictive value for combined mammographic and sonomammographic assessment were 100%; the specificity was 80.1%.

Conclusion:

Malignancy was detected in 3 of the 60 women who underwent combined imaging for breast abnormalities. Combined mammographic and sonomammographic assessment was shown to be very helpful in identifying benign as well as malignant lesions causing abnormalities of the breast.

14.Infertility associated with male genital tuberculosis: A case series

Agarwal M.^*, Jourwal S., Bharadwaj N., Swati

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Abstract

Infertility is defined as one year of unprotected intercourse without pregnancy. Sole male factor is responsible in 30% cases of infertility, out of which, 15% is related to genital tract infection including tuberculosis. The Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique can accurately diagnose genital Tuberculosis at an early stage. Timely antitubercular therapy can lead to restoration of sperm counts and provide an excellent chance to infertile couples for spontaneous conception. We report a case series of seven cases in which infertility is associated with male genital tuberculosis.

15.Knowledge of ethnoveterinary medicine in the Maharashtra State, India

Somkuwar S.R.^1*, Chaudhary R.R.², Chaturvedi A.³

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Abstract

The present study deals with the plants used to treat common diseases in cattle and pet animals in the tribal belts of Maharashtra state, India. For the purpose of the ethnoveterinary practices, 198 plant species belonging to 79 families were identified. The present study reveals that the leaves constituted the major portion of plant parts used (30.158%), followed by root (15.079%) and bark (13.09%). The findings of the present study show considerable potential for further scientific research on these plant species, which can lead to development of cheaper and more efficacious drugs for future use not only to cattle but also can be useful to human too.