A preliminary study to analyze EMG activity of shoulder muscles of masonry workers during two rehabilitative exercises is done in the present work. Masonry workers do lot of overhead activities, and are exposed to a high risk of shoulder injury. Shoulder injury is mainly due to an imbalance between internal rotator muscles accelerating the arm and the external rotator muscles responsible for the deceleration of the arm at the end of movement. This imbalance commonly occurs in overhead activities during work. Two rehabilitative exercises considered in the present study are (1) Prone ER at 90º abduction with elbow at 90º while upper arm is resting on the table and (2) Standing ER at 0º abduction with 90º elbow flexion. Results indicate that middle trapezius has the highest level of activation in ‘Prone ER at 90º abduction with elbow at 90º while upper arm is resting on the table’ (exercise 1). Middle trapezius and lower trapezius presented significantly higher activations in exercise 1. But, posterior deltoid presented significantly higher iEMG activity in exercise 2.

Introduction: The present study was done to compare non-descended vaginal hysterectomy (NDVH) and laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) with reference to indication of surgery, intraoperative and postoperative analysis.

Method(s): The present study is prospective study of 50 cases of NDVH and LAVH from March 2015 to December 2016 in department of obstetrics and gynecology in SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan. The outcome of NDVH and LAVH was analyzed by standard statistical methods. Appropriate test of significance was applied (t-test) with p < 0.05 as level of significance.

Result(s): Among 50 cases undergoing NDVH and LAVH, most of the patients belonged to age group 40-49 yrs. The most common indication of surgery was Fibroid and DUB in both the groups. The operative time was significantly lower in NDVH group than in LAVH group with p <0.001. The intraoperative blood loss was lower in LAVH group than NDVH group with p <0.001. Mean pain score analyzed by VAS in LAVH was significantly lower than NDVH with p <0.001.

Conclusion(s): The present study concludes that NDVH & LAVH both can be safely offered to patients with benign gynecological conditions.

The purpose of this study was to find out the impact of plyometric training with and without weights on elastic strength among men football players.  To achieve this, twenty novice football players (n = 30) were selected as subjects and their age group ranged between 18 and 24 years. The subjects were categorized into three groups randomly. Group I plyometric training with weights (PWG), group II plyometric training (PG), group III control group (CG) and each group comprises of ten subjects (n = 10).  Both experimental groups underwent their respective experimental treatment for eight weeks, 3 days per week and a session on each day.  Control group did not exposed to any specific training apart from their regular activities.  Elastic strength and was taken as criterion variable for this study.  The collected data was analysed by using analysis of covariance (ANOVA) and Scheffe’s post hoc test.  The result revealed that there was a significant difference in elastic strength (p  0.05) when compare to control group. This study also found out that plyometric training with weights is the best method to improve elastic strength of men football players. 

Drowning is a form of asphyxia due to submersion or immersion in liquid, which are mostly accidental. Death by drowning is difficult to determine and often done by eliminating other causes of death. One of the most important criteria in the study of drowning is the search for a sensitive and specific test. The diatoms are major group of eukaryotic algae and stand as the strongest biological forensic evidence. In the present study hundred cases of drowning from two different states viz (Andhra Pradesh and Telangana) were examined by using acid digestion test method for the detection of diatoms in sternum, clavicle, and femur bone and lung tissue. Various parameters like Age group of deceased, Gender, and Causes of drowning were studied. In the cases analyzed, 94% were reported to be positive for diatoms.  Death due to drowning was more prevalent in men in the age group of 40 to 50 years, and 46% were found to be accidental in nature. Diatoms prove to be helpful in successful case resolution.

This study attempts to investigate the factors that influence the purchase intention of female customers towards cosmetics Nagapattinam district of Tamilnadu a countryside area. A total of 252 current customers using cosmetics were approached to collect data, by means of questionnaires. The results imply that marketers should focus on brand image attributes, quality and benefits in their effort to achieve customer satisfaction and loyalty. By maintaining and strengthening the brand images and values, it will position the brand positively in the minds of consumers.

Objective: To compare efficacy and complications of medical method versus manual vacuum aspiration in early pregnancy termination and to determine whether medical method of termination of pregnancy represent a reasonable alternative to surgical method (MVA) in terms of complete evacuation of products of conception and their side effects.

Method: A comparative study was carried out on 184 pregnancies in women who were willing for termination of pregnancy up to 9 weeks (63 days) of gestational age, in Group A : women who opted for  medical method for termination, Group B: women who opted for  manual vacuum aspiration for termination. 

Result: Mean age of Group A was 27.63+3.60 years and Group B was 26.87+3.83 years. Majority 169 (92 %) of women were Hindu.  165 (90 %) of the patients lived in urban area and 176 (96 % ) were married women. Majority 130 (71 %) of them were para 2 and more.  Average age of gestation at which termination was performed was 46.79+6.29 days in Group A and 49.13+6.67 days in Group B. Average duration of vaginal bleeding among Group A was found to be 8.9+3.5 days (p value< 0.05) and in Group B was 6.837+_2.928 days which was significantly longer in Group A. 72 (78.3 %) patients considered vaginal bleeding to be heavier than their normal period in Group A where as in Group B 8 (8.7% ) perceived it to be heavier. (p value <0.001 ).  Incidence of pain ,nausea ,vomiting , diarrhea  and  incomplete abortion  (78.26%, 32.60%, 16.3% , 19.56% and 4.43 % ) in group A and (52 %, 7.6% ,4.3 % , nil and 2.17 % ) in group B which were found to be higher in Group A  as compare to Group B. Patient satisfaction was 95.65% in medical method and 84.78 % in MVA group. Success rate was 95.65 % for medical and 97.82 % for MVA group.

Conclusion: Thus we conclude that duration and amount of bleeding per vaginum is more in medical method as compare to surgical method. Side effects like pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea were more in medical group, but majority of these symptoms were self limiting. There were high satisfaction rate (95.65 %) among medical abortion group because less surgical and anaesthetic complication, offer them more privacy and treatment is taken at home. The effectiveness of medical method of abortion in present study was 95.65 % and success rate in MVA was 97.82%. Medical method of abortion for first trimester termination of pregnancy upto 9 weeks of gestation can be better alternative method to surgical evacuation. Medical method of abortion proves to be more effective, safe and economical method that avoid complication associated with surgical evacuation like uterine perforation, cervical laceration and anaesthtic complication. The only disadvantage with medical method of abortion is lack of predictability and variable success rate.

All living individuals are not similar in their measurable characters and differ in various parameters. Cephalic index is an important parameter used for cephalometric analysis to identify the racial and gender variations of a population. Cephalic index and head shapes are affected by gender, age, geographical, socioeconomic, genetic, environmental and racial factors. There is hardly any available literature about Cephalic Index in Central Odisha. Hence, this study was done to document the cephalometric characteristics and gender differences in this region. Head length, head breadth & cephalic index were determined for 111 individuals belonging to Central Odisha. The mean cephalic index of the sample population was 76.96. In males it was found to be 76.13±4.96 and for females it was 78.25±4.60. On comparison with the different existing literatures, the population of central Odisha can be categorised as mesocephalic & the data presented can be useful for experts, anatomists, plastic surgeons, anthropologists and forensic science. 

This study is to ascertain the levels of water pollution and its health impacts in some selected areas in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Simple frequencies were used to find out the level of water pollution in relation to health within the study area with illustrated charts. The research shows that the effect of the water pollution is very high in the study area with corresponding negative health impacts. It provides valuable information to researchers who intend to work on water pollution and its effects in general. Proper water treatment and awareness campaigns are strongly recommended for residents of Maiduguri metropolis.

Isolated axillary tuberculous lymphadenopathy is described as patients having axillary lymphadenopathy without evidence of previous or ongoing tuberculosis anywhere in the body [1,2]. A 30-year-old female presented with history of axillary swelling, clinical examination and investigations revealed no evidence of tuberculosis elsewhere. Diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology. In patients residing in endemic areas, those presenting with axillary lymphadenopathy, tubercular etiology must be considered.  

Nanoparticles mostly silver and gold  have unique properties which help in their diverse applications like  molecular diagnostics, as therapeutic agents, in medical devices for  several medical procedures. The major methods used for their synthesis are the physical and chemical methods. These methods are expensive, not environment friendly and also may lead cytotoxicity. To overcome this problem, in present study the green synthesis  method for the synthesis of silver  nanoparticle was adopted using  aqueous leaf extract and fruit pulp of Azadirachta indica (Neem)  as a feasible alternative. In this method both extracts acted as a reducing as well as stabilizing agent that reduced silver nitrate (AgNO) and also acted as a protecting agent for nanoparticles. The formation of nanoparticles was assured by characterization with UV-vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The absorbance of silver nanoparticles with neem aqueous leaf exract and neem fruit pulp was read at 450nm and 430nm respectively. SEM image shows that the nanoparticles synthesized by using neem aqueous leaf extract were spherical in shape with 28nm–41nm dimensions. The antimicrobial activity of as synthesized silver nanoparticles was tested against various bacteria like Gram positive, Gram negative forms and plant pathogens. The results confirmed that the tested bacteria were inhibited as indicated by higher zones of inhibition. These non-toxic nanoparticles synthesized in a simple, ecofriendly and cost effective manner by green synthesis may be suitable for the formulation of new types of bactericidal agents or therapeutic agents.

With the advancement of technology, the processes are becoming more and more complex. Due to this increase in complexity, for efficient analysis of process the number of parameters required for data acquisition also increases. Data Acquisition is simply the gathering of information about a system or process. This paper presents the design and development of automatic monitoring and controlling system based on Programmable logic controller. The monitoring system enables the monitoring of different parameters in any environment. Such a system can consist of sensors which are used to monitor parameters of interest. The sensors measure the different parameters and give the output in the form of analog or digital value. The acquired data from all the sensors is given to the input ports of the PLC MicroLogix 1400. If the parameters are not in the proper range, they are controlled by fan, bulb and buzzer which are connected to the output ports of PLC MicroLogix 1400.

This study aimed at examining vocal fatigue symptoms in secondary school teachers. The study sample comprised 40 willing premenopausal female secondary school teachers (age range: 22– 45yrs). All participants completed a 16-item vocal fatigue questionnaire with a 4-point rating scale, where, never, sometimes, most of the times, and always which were given numerical values 0, 1,2,3, respectively for the analysis. 

The total mean score of vocal fatigue was 11.95 ± 6.5. Symptoms were divided into 2 groups: (1) 7 physical-related symptoms (PRSs) and (2) 9 voice-related symptoms (VRSs).

Of the PRSs, tension in the neck/shoulder, dryness in the throat, and urge for throat clearing were more commonly reported with varying severity (≥65%), and of the VRSs, harshness and breathiness were reported with varying severity (≥65%). Of the VRSs, pitch range affected (72.5%), loudness range affected (72.5%), and harshness (70%) were more commonly reported, and of the PRSs, the urge for coughing was reported by most of the teachers (80%). A significantly high positive correlation was observed between PRSs and VRSs (r= 0.75), whereas no significant correlation was observed between vocal fatigue ratings and age and classes taken per week. Symptoms for which≥60% of the subjects responded with ‘sometimes’ were considered as sensitive indicators of vocal fatigue. These included pain in the throat, dryness in the throat, tightness in the throat, urge for coughing, pitch range affected, loudness range affected, hoarseness, harshness, and pitch breaks. These 9 indicators could be used for the early screening of vocal fatigue.