Crown lengthening is a resective procedure achieved by partial removal of supporting periodontal tissues to increase exposure of coronal tooth structure. It is an essential adjunctive procedure for restorative dentists for the treatment of grossly decayed or badly mutilated teeth. Crown lengthening can be best accomplished by lasers which have advantages of precision, better wound healing, less discomfort and esthetics. Cases indicated for crown lengthening in the esthetic zone requires special considerations to achieve desirable results. Implementation of proper diagnostic criteria, surgical and restorative protocols and use of lasers maximizes the predictability and success of this procedure. This article reviews the functional and esthetic demands of laser assisted crown lengthening.

Biodentine was developed as a new class of dental material which could conciliate high mechanical properties with excellent biocompatibility, as well as a bioactive behaviour. Biodentine fulfils the requirements found in the literature for a material suitable for biocompatibility, long-term impermeability, antibacterial properties, induction of hard tissue regeneration, stability, low solubility, non-absorbability and ease of handling. An ideal orthograde or retrograde filling material should seal the pathways of communication between the root canal system and its surrounding tissues. It should also be non toxic, non cariogenic, biocompatible, insoluble in tissue fluids, and dimensionally stable. Since existing materials did not have all these ideal characteristics, a new bioactive cement – Biodentine was introduced with all these ideal properties. It overcomes the drawbacks of Calcium hydroxide and Mineral trioxide aggregate. It is a promising material for repair of perforations of the pulpal floor, apexifications, open immature tooth, retrograde filling, pulp therapy. In this article the availability, composition, manipulation, mechanism of action, properties, clinical implications of biodentine has been reviewed.

For a successful root canal treatment familiarity with the normal and abnormal anatomy of the root canal system is very essential. The mandibular second premolar is found to have the most aberrant anatomy. It is usually described as a single rooted tooth with a single root canal. However, the possibility of two rooted mandibular second premolar is extremely rare (0.3%). Missed canals or roots are the major reason for failure of root canal treatment. This article reports and discusses the rare case of successful endodontic management of two rooted mandibular second premolar highlighting the anatomic variations of canals, knowledge of canal morphology, correct radiographic interpretation and the use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to give a three dimensional image of the rare morphology of the tooth. It also discusses the precaution to be taken during access opening, cleaning and shaping and obturation for a successful treatment.

Introduction: An increasing body of evidence suggests that micro organisms are far more sensitive to industrial effluents than soil animals or plants growing on the same soil. Setting up of new industries resulted in the disposal of industrial effluents causing air, water and soil pollution. Microbes play a crucial role in decontaminating polluted sites. 

Materials & Methods: The present study was based on variations of bacterial populations in polluted and non polluted soils of Saptagir Camphor and Siflon Drug industries. In this direction, soil samples were collected from Saptagir Camphor industry near Garladinne, Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh and Siflon Drug industry near Rachanapalli, Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh. The bacterial populations of polluted and non polluted soil samples were enumerated by serial dilution technique. After incubation period, colonies formed on the surface of the nutrient agar medium were enumerated. 

Results: The experimental results indicated that most of the physico-chemical properties, bacterial populations were significantly higher in polluted soil samples than in non polluted soils. Additionally the bacterial populations were increased with increasing the incubation period up to 30 days compared to 0 day, however, population count was decreased after 30 days of incubation.  

Conclusion: The bacterial population increases s they utilizes the nutrients in the soil, as incubation period increases the depletion of nutrients occurs and hence the population decreases on prolonged incubation.

Indigenous Traditional Knowledge is the knowledge that a community possesses for its daily survival with respect to health, food, shelter, agriculture and livestock among many other things. It is rather the survival manual of a community that is handed down from one generation to the other through word of mouth. The current paper presents the key findings of a study in the State of Jammu and Kashmir, District Budgam aimed at documenting the current health practices for common ailments followed by people therein. The study was undertaken in three blocks of the district Budgam (four villages from each block) using semi-structured interview schedule and Focussed Group Discussion. The study revealed that people depend on local flora and fauna for dealing with day to day health problems. Common ailments like, cough, cold, burns, oral hygiene, skin problems, stomach, intestinal problems, eyes and nose problems among many others are taken care of at the grassroots. One of the plants used in health care practices has been reported for the first time. There is a need to document this system as they are passed down through word of mouth and have a risk of getting lost. A decline in these systems would not only end the traditional practices of a defined community but also break its nexus with its history. Such a study can bring forth uses of indigenous flora and fauna that can be beneficial for the entire human race and pave way for enhanced research as well.

In India the number of rape /sexual assault cases is increasing every year. Such assaults direct the victim to commit suicide or attempt to commit suicide .Maximum victim rape was found at the age of 16 -- 17 years. The government has taken various steps like, bringing amendments in law to reduce the number of rape / sexual assaults. Violence like rape /sexual assault against women and female children is theoretically preventable. The parameters like victim/accused profession, education and socioeconomic status are not taken into consideration by NCRB. The above criteria play a key role in formulating preventive strategy. For this a study was under taken by selecting  the alternate fifty cases received for biological fluid  examination  in the year 2014 and a part of 2015.This gave an insight into the frequency of a particular age group, victims/ accused profession and socioeconomic status and associated sections of crimes in rape/ sexual assault cases.

The quantitative, pre experimental design was used to assess the effectiveness of educational module on knowledge regarding Dengue and its prevention among mothers of under five children. The participants of 60 were selected, by convenient sampling technique. The structured interview schedule was used to collect the data from the participants. The collected data was analyzed by using the descriptive and inferential statistics. The major findings of  the study includes, in pretest 92% mothers had inadequate knowledge and 8 % had moderate knowledge  whereas in post test 93 % had adequate knowledge, remaining 7 % had moderate knowledge and none of them had inadequate knowledge. The paired‘t’ test value of 28.82 shows that, significant difference between the knowledge score at p>0.001***. The Anova ‘F’ test reveals that education, occupation and the type of family had significant association with knowledge score. This finding of the study depicts that, the mean post test knowledge score of 82.6 ±.9.6 was higher than the mean pretest knowledge score 36.4 ± 11.3. It’s concludes that; Educational module was an effective method to increase the knowledge regarding dengue and its prevention among mothers.