Introduction: Vermiform appendix is an organ with immunological function in the abdominal cavity which is variable in position and length. It is important in different disease processes, such as appendicitis, carcinoma and diverticulitis. Appendicitis is the most important clinical condition. Appropriate anatomical knowledge about vermiform appendix is important for surgeons, pathologists and other physicians for proper diagnosis and management of appendicitis and carcinoma.

Study design: Descriptive type of study.

Materials and methods: Hundred (100) human postmortem vermiform appendix, age ranging from 0 to 65 years. Samples were observed in situ in the dead bodies within 24 hours of death.

Results:  Retrocaecal position was highest (65%) followed by pelvic (31.7%) and post ileal (3.3%). Subcaecal and pre ileal varieties were not found.

Conclusion: This study is very useful for surgeons in appendectomy.

Soil borne diseases occur in mulberry in alarming proportions rendering loss in mulberry leaf production and hence are very serious concern among sericulture farmers. Introduction of high yielding mulberry varieties, draught and low organic carbon in soil further intensified the disease. Due to the environmental concern and cost of chemical fungicides, farmers are reluctant for chemical control. Thus alternative methods are to be adopted to contain soil borne diseases. Chitosan and its derivatives are well known for their anti microbial properties and used in agricultural systems. A laboratory study has been conducted to evaluate the effect of chitosan on suppression of certain common soil borne pathogens of mulberry.  The study showed significant (P<0.01) suppression of growth of all pathogens viz. Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia bataticola and Botryodiplodia theobromae.   The suppression of F. solani, R. bataticola and B. theobromae was high (>65%) at 500 ppm. The fungal suppression was increased with increase in concentration of chitosan in all the cases. The mycelia biomass production of the fungus was also significantly less in presence of chitosan in the liquid medium with low mycelia production in high concentration of chitosan. Chitosan also influenced sporulation of the fungi. Sporulation was low in presence of chitosan compared with untreated control. The study shows chitosan is potential to suppress these fungal pathogens of mulberry and can be explored as an eco-compatible material for control of soil born diseases of mulberry.

Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) is classically described as a triad of micrognathia, glossoptosis, and airway obstruction. Infants frequently present at birth with a hypoplastic mandible and difficulty breathing. The smaller mandible displaces the tongue posteriorly, resulting in obstruction of the airway. Typically, a wide U-shaped cleft palate is also associated with this phenomenon. PRS is not a syndrome in itself, but rather a sequence of disorders, with one abnormality resulting in the next. However, it is related to several other craniofacial anomalies and may appear in conjunction with a syndromic diagnosis, such as velocardiofacial and Stickler syndromes.

Infants with PRS should be evaluated by a multidisciplinary team to assess the anatomic findings, delineate the source of airway obstruction, and address airway and feeding issues. Positioning will resolve the airway obstruction in ~70% of cases. In the correct position, most children will also be able to feed normally. If the infant continues to show evidence of desaturation, then placement of a nasopharyngeal tube is indicated. Early feeding via a nasogastric tube may also reduce the amount of energy needed and allow for early weight gain. A proportion of PRS infants do not respond to conservative measures and will require further intervention. Prior to considering any surgical procedure, the clinician should first rule out any sources of obstruction below the base of the tongue that would necessitate a tracheostomy. The two most common procedures for treatment, tongue–lip adhesion and distraction osteogenesis of the mandible.

Patient satisfaction serves as a tool to measure if the patient expected needs from health professionals are met or not. This paper assessed the level of patients’ satisfaction on the services they receive from nurses while at hospitals. A cross-sectional design was applied from October 2015 to August 2016. The data was collected through 360 interviewees on structured questionnaire in five (5) selected hospitals. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient was computed to correlate two or more continuous variables and be informed on their significant relationship. Findings from the study showed that majority of patients (48.4%) were (strongly) dissatisfied with health care received from nurses and four (4) among five (5) variables considered were strongly associated to patient dissatisfaction. These are physical environmental and its appropriateness, regular rounds and availability of nurses each time needed by patients, waiting time for health services, patient loyalty and patient willingness to recommend the same hospital to friends, relatives and other patients. Hospital managers should review their policies related to patients and plan how to promote patients satisfaction.

In the present work, water samples were collected from some specific sampling spots in River of Buriganga, Bangladesh. Using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS), concentration of trace elements namely Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in Buriganga river water were determined which ranged as < 0.02 mg/l, < 0.0015 mg/l, 0.0041 to 0.00507 mg/l, 0.00460 to 0.0092 mg/l, 0.230 to 0.299 mg/l, 0.170 to 0.178 mg/l, and 0.0088 to 0.0273 mg/l respectively. The observed pH and TDS ranged as 7.19-7.55, and 128-186 mg/l respectively. pH and TDS of river water is lower than the recommended value of World Health Organization (WHO) and Bangladeshi standard but PH is slightly alkaline than pure water. Low TDS means that other toxic trace elements except seven determined elements may be present in low concentration in the river water. The concentration of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) could not be traced in any of the water samples. The concentration of manganese (Mn) is higher than the recommended value of WHO and Bangladeshi standards.

This paper is devoted to study the problem of optimal control of habitat destruction model with prey-predator -top predator and the bifurcation behavior of the system. Using the Lyapunov technique and Krasovsikii theorem, the optimal control functions ensuring asymptotic stability of system steady states are obtained and found to be as functions of the phase state and time. As an application, it was shown that the equilibrium states of the habitat destruction model with preypredator-top predator system are asymptotic stable. Bifurcation phenomena of the system at the

trivial solution is studied and presented graphically. Numerical examples are presented graphically to illustrate the theoretical obtained results and the efficient of the used methods.

Calcium hydroxide is associated with certain difficulties such as possibility of root fracture and incomplete bridge formation when it is used for apexification. Moreover the treatment requires high level of patient cooperation because of the long term treatment time. In spite of these, in the present case oil based calcium hydroxide proved itself without causing any detrimental effects when it was used as intracanal medicament for a long term of 5 years. Although calcium hydroxide callus bridge formed in apexification cases is porous, it still carries a success rate of 90%. To Increase the fracture resistance of thin dentinal walls and to ensure a fluid tight seal, after apexification, orthograde placement of MTA was done in the present case, in hope of attaining a more favorable long term prognosis. One step Apexification with MTA is the most likely accepted because of its predictable and immediate results.