Biopreservation can be defined as extending the shelf life and enhancing the safety of food by the use of microorganisms or their products. Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) is such a group of microorganisms which are Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS). They preserve food from spoilage and are commonly used in food fermentation. These strains are potential for bacteriocin production. LAB may include L.bulgaricus, L.lactis, L.acidophilus etc. They not only preserve food but also give texture and flavor. They have high demand compared to chemical preservatives because chemical preservatives are not hundred percent safe and also have some adverse effects.

Aggressive halides environments (1M KCl and 1 M KBr solutions) were employed. Evaluation is based on results of scanning electron microscope (SEM), exposition immersion tests (weight loss measurements) and open-circuit potential measurements performed in 1M of different halides solutions (free of halo-complex) and in presence of different concentrations (5 x 10 – 1x10–2 M) of copper (I) chlorides (halo-complex). The results indicate that, the increase of halocomplex concentration leads to decrease corrosion rate and increases the IE% values. Examination of 316L stainless steel surface was conducted by using the scanning electron microscopes where it revealed that the  presence of halo-complex inhibit the corrosion of 316 stainless steel in 1M halides solutions. 

A descriptive cross study was undertaken to identify the prevalence of health problems on consanguineous marriage among people in Kondalampatty, Salem. 50 samples were selected by purposive sampling technique and data was collected by using check-list.  The findings were analyzed by using descriptive study. Highest percentage (36%) belonged to age group of 31-40 years and majority (36%) of the people had high school education. Highest percentage (54%) of them was daily wager and majority (58%) of the people was taking mixed diet. Most (52%) of the people were from joint family. However 56% of the people belong to Hindus and highest percentage (58%) of the people had marriage on above 22 years. Most (58%) of the people had normal delivery and majority (56%) of the people had two children.

Area wise distribution of according to the prevalence and health problems of consanguineous marriage among people shows that highest percentage (72.09%) of the people had nil health problems. However, 27.91% of them had health problems due to consanguineous marriage. Percentage wise analysis of the prevalence and health problems of consanguineous marriage among people reveals that highest (50%) of the people had abortion, (48%) of the children had polydactyl, (52%) of the children had mental retardation, (52%) of the children had learning disability, (46%) of the children had fits, (26%) of the children had undescended testis.

Introduction: Abnormal vaginal discharge is a whitish mucoid discharge from the vagina. It may be thick and viscoid, and foul smelling when it is caused by some infection. A study in the India has shown that the prevalence of reproductive tract infections are 37% Based on symptoms, 36.7% Based on laboratory investigations, 31% Candidiasis, 02% Trichomoniasis, 45% Bacterial vaginosis, 03% Gonorrhoea. In modern science, various treatments are available for abnormal vaginal discharge but all have unsatisfactory results and complications, thus, there is a great scope of research to find out safe, potent and effective remedy for the management of abnormal vaginal discharge.

Materials and methods: An open randomised clinical trial was conducted on 15clinically diagnosed patients of abnormal vaginal discharge and were given Palashadi Varti for 2 consecutive cycles.

Results:The study shows statistically very significant result on symptoms i.e. consistency of vaginal discharge and pain in lower abdomen and shown statistically significant result on symptoms i.e. discharge per vaginum, colour, vulval itching, general weakness, burning micturition. 

Discussion: No adverse effect was observed. Thus, Palashadi Varti can be recommended for the management ofabnormal vaginal discharge.

Objectives: 

1. Evaluate the effect of tepid sponging among children with pyrexia.

2. Evaluate the effect of warm sponging among children with pyrexia.

3. Compare the effect of tepid sponging with warm sponging among children with pyrexia.

Materials and methods: 34 children aged between 1-12 years with the body temperature of 100◦F -103◦F were selected for the study. Pre test post test - repeated measures design was used. Total enumerative (consecutive) sampling technique 34 samples were selected, 17 were assigned to experimental group-I and 17 to experimental group-II. Initial body temperature (0 minute) was assessed by using digital thermometer and recorded in temperature measurement table. Tepid sponging (30◦C-40◦C) was given for experimental group-I and warm sponging (60C) for experimental group-II, for 15 minutes. Comfort level was assessed by using modified comfort behavior check list during intervention. After intervention the body temperature was assessed and recorded at 15th minute, 30th minute, 45th minute and 60th minute.

Results: Paired "t‟ test was used to test the effect of both tepid and warm sponging. Results showed that, there is a significant difference in the level of body temperature in children before and after sponging among two groups. Student „t‟ test was used to analyze the changes in body temperature between the two groups. The calculated „t‟ values at 15th minute, 30 minute and 60th minute were 0.04, 0.62, 0.8 and 1.12 respectively are not significant at 0.05 level, which shows that there is no difference between tepid and warm sponging in reducing body temperature. Analysis on effect of tepid Vs warm sponging on comfort was done. The calculated „t‟ value of 6.69 for  comfort is significant at 0.001 level, which shows that warm sponging is effective in promoting comfort among children. 

Conclusion: The findings revealed that, tepid and warm sponging are effective in reducing body temperature, but warm sponging is effective in promoting comfort among children with pyrexia than tepid sponging. 

Diabetic ulcers are the most feared complications of Diabetes mellitus. Once in a lifetime people with diabetes will develop an ulcer which can increase the risk of lower extremity amputations. The present study was aimed to isolate the bacterial etiological agents from diabetic ulcers and to study susceptibility towards commonly used antimicrobials. Looking to present scenario of increasing prevalence of drug resistance, MDR and ESBL producers present study was carried out.  During the study period, 53 clinical samples were collected and out of which 73 isolates were obtained. Polymicrobial nature of samples was found with predominance of Gram positive bacteria as leading causative agent, Staphylococccus aureus (68.7%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing results indicated Linezolid and Gentamicin as the most sensitive towards Gram positive isolates while Gram negative shown most sensitivity towards Amikacin. High prevalence of MDR was found among Gram positive isolates (77%) compare to Gram negative (16%) isolates. 76% of isolates were identified as ESBL producers. Many of them were identified as biofilm producers when detected by Tube method and Micro titer plate Technique.

We evaluated gender differences in hygienic behavior of college students focusing on awareness and practice of hand-washing. A self-administered questionnaire survey and a separate direct observation in public restrooms on campus were performed. Overall 95.5% of the respondents (male 93.6%, female 97.4%) claimed to wash their hands after using toilet. In the separate observation, 16.9% of males actually did so compared with 98.2% of females (p < 0.001). Among the students who washed their hands in the direct observation, males exhibited higher frequency in the use of soap, and washing more parts of the hands than females (p < 0.05); 75.0% of males washed for more than 5 seconds; 37.8% of females did so although all the females responded to washing more than 5 seconds in the questionnaire survey (p < 0.05). There were noticeable differences in awareness and behavior of hand-washing between males and females. Females had greater practice of hand-washing after using toilet than males.  Males washed more thoroughly than females. Males tend to be encouraged to wash in a new and neat restroom. These gender differences highlight the need for gender-specific educational programs or campaigns.