Klippel-Feil Syndrome (KFS) is a rare congenital malformation characterized by the triad of short neck, low hair line and restricted neck movements, resulting from faulty segmentation along the embryo's developing axis during early weeks of gestation. Many other abnormalities may accompany the classical triad. In the present case we have found classical triad of KFS and associated ventricular septal defect and sprengel’s deformity of scapula.

Endocrine disorders are the most common endocrinopathies. Thyroid hormone levels can affect the serum Ferritin level (Iron storage Protein) especially in females. 25 patients of clinically established patients of thyroid abnormality attending Out Patient Departments, MDM hospital Jodhpur (Rajasthan) were compared with 25 healthy subjects of either sex in Department of Biochemistry, Dr S. N. Medical College, Jodhpur for thyroid function tests and serum ferritin. Serum T3, Serum T4, Serum TSH and Serum Ferritin were measured by ELISA techniques. Serum T3, Serum T4 and Serum TSH of hypothyroid patients showed a highly significant (p<0.001) relationship with healthy control subjects. Serum ferritin showed a significant (p<0.05) relationship for hypothyroid patients while a highly significant relationship (p<0.001) for hyperthyroids was observed. Estimation of serum ferritin is simple and sensitive and it can be used to prevent chronic complications of thyroid disorders. 

The study examined the prospects of small-scale Cotton production in some selected local government areas’ of Niger State, Nigeria and its implication on revitalization and reawakening of rural economy where cotton is predominantly grown. A total of one hundred and twenty farmers were sampled using multi- stage sampling techniques. Pre-tested questionnaires were used to elicit informations for the study. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive (mean), budgeting technique and inferential statistics. Average household size was 7.04 which is fair considering the benchmark given by FAO; mean age of 45 years with 15.4 years of experience in cotton production indicates that they are young and energetic people with lot of experience; majority of them were without formal education, which implies that they were largely illiterate farmers; males dominate cotton production than females in the area given the ethno-religious nature of the study area. Majority were small scale farmers given the average farm size in the study area (1.4hactres). Majority had no access to credit facilities with little or no extension contact (0.09). Results indicates mean gross margin of ₦15,320.00, mean net farm income of ₦13,330.00 and net return on investment of 0.27, implying that cotton production is profitable in the study area even though the profit stream is low. Virtually all the problems highlighted were serious constraints. These estimates indicate the need for intervention by relevant stakeholders in the bourgeoning cotton business in Niger state. Profitability could be increased by tailoring policies towards migrating from its subsistence nature to commercial sector by provision of adequate infrastructure, cheap and available credit facilities and expansion of extension services. 

A study was carried out on development of bullock drawn dry paddy seed cum fertilizer drill for upland cultivation. Based on the physical characteristics of seed, development of dry paddy seed cum fertilizer drill was done. The seed and fertilizer box was made trapezoidal for free flow of seeds and fertilizer without bridging. The cup feed mechanism was selected for metering paddy seeds as there is no seed damage and hence does not affect germination. For fertilizer metering, an adjustable orifice type mechanism was provided. A clutch is provided for disengaging power to the metering mechanism during turning. For seed and fertilizer placement, shoe and shovel type of furrow openers were used. A provision was made to adjust the row to row spacing as per requirement. The average theoretical field capacity, effective field capacity and field efficiency was 0.151 ha/ h, 0.11 ha/ h and 75.96 % respectively.

Background: 

Radioactive Iodine-131 is one of the most important medical radioisotopes (RI) that are being used at fourteen (14) institute of nuclear medicine and allied sciences of the country. It is routinely produced by irradiating TeO₂ powder loaded into a heat sealed quartz vial called “target” in the Dry Central Thimble (Dry CT tube) of the 3 MWth TRIGA MK-II nuclear research reactor of Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission. The target is kept inside the standard irradiation canister/can made of Aluminum, called “Al-can”. A few reportable thermal incidents occurred during the irradiation of the TeO₂ powder at full power due to lack of proper evaluation of safety of in-core irradiations. Of them, sticking of the Al-can containing 40g irradiated TeO₂ target to the bottom of the Dry CT tube at full power (3 MW) operation of the reactor was one of the major thermal incidents in November 2008. The stuck Al-can with the Dry CT tube in the reactor core was lifted up using an innovative handling tool designed and developed by the author. The physical and visual investigations have identified several weaknesses related to the thermal incident. The thermal problem of the incident has been addressed elaborately and then has attempted to solve using experiments as well as numerical analyses. Two cases (Case-1; Dry CT tube and Case-2; Wet CT tube) have been analyzed both numerically and experimentally. It has found from the numerical analyses and experiments that temperature assessment considering 50g TeO₂ power at 3MW full power operation of the reactor over the walls of the quartz vial and Al-can are about 86 and 70⁰C, respectively which is far below the melting point of these materials for the case of Wet CT tube. On the other hand, temperature over the walls of the quartz vial and Al-can are about 520 and 370⁰C, respectively for the case of Dry CT tube. The shape and size of the quartz vial and the area of its contact point with Al-can plays a very vital role in rising the temperature of the target material. 50g TeO₂ target irradiation at full power operation of the reactor under dry condition of the CT tube may cause vial failure due o excessive temperature rise that cause melting of the TeO₂/Al-can. It is thus recommended to use a Wet CT tube replacing the existing Dry CT tube for irradiation of more target materials for routine production of RIs in the research reactors without repeating the thermal incident. 

An interparietal hernia is a rare form of hernia seen in the inguinal region. Its pathogenesis is not well understood. It frequently causes intestinal obstruction. We present a case of interparietal herniation, who presented with acute symptoms and signs of intestinal obstruction. The male patient was referred to our department with acute signs of intestinal obstruction for three days. His physical examination revealed acute abdomen and intestinal obstruction. X-ray abdomen showed signs of intestinal obstruction. At surgery, a loop of ileum was found gangrenous in an interparietal hernia. Reduction, resection and anastomosis of the gangrenous segment was done. The preperitoneal type of defect was closed with sutures. Interparietal hernias are rare, and represent a problem in the differential diagnosis of conditions functional in the inguinal region. It is more frequent in the males, and mostly presents with intestinal obstruction.

Introduction: 

Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD) is a rare prion transmitted disease which causes neurodegeneration and ultimately results in death within a very short span of time. In view of the very low prevalence of 1-1.6 per 1000000 population the diagnosis of the CJD is the challenge for the clinicians. The varied presentation makes it more vulnerable for misdiagnosis.  We are reporting a case CJD due to its atypical presentation as it has presented with catatonia. The patient had visual disturbance to start with followed by depression, difficulty in walking and ultimately ended up to catatonia.  The cases of CJD who presented with psychiatric manifestations are available in literature but presentation as catatonia is very rare in the literature. 

Acinetobacter baumanii (A. baumanii) is an important nosocomial pathogen causing colonization and infection of critically ill, hospitalized patients. Persistence of multidrug resistance (MDR) A. baumannii in hospital environment together with ability to form biofilm added to the virulence of the organism. This guided us to detect biofilm production and its association with MDR among the different clinical isolates of A. baumannii. During the present study, 68 clinical strains of A. baumannii, isolated from hospitalized patients, were examined for biofilm formation. Most (98.5%) of the clinical isolates were biofilm producers especially from ICU samples and they were multidrug resistant, even polymixin resistant isolates are slowly emerging. Furthermore, no relation was found between the ability of biofilm production and antibiotic resistance pattern. 

Mandibular tooth are excellent evidence in identification of a person, specially after mass casualties, estimation of age and sex of anthropomatic analysis of body and establishing identification in case of bite marks. Mandibular canines are found to be exhibit the greatest sexual dimorphism among other teeth. Thus in the present day humans, sexual dimorphism in mandibular canines is not merely a coincidence but can be expected to be based on functional activity and the present study to determine the sex by inter canine distance & width mandibular canine and compare to different parameters in a cast and orally in male and females.

Introduction: 

Fibrosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm of fibroblasts that rarely affects the oral cavity and can cause local recurrences or metastasis.Fibrosarcomas are rare but may occur anywhere in the body, most commonly in the retroperitoneum, thigh, knee and distal extremities. Fibrosarcoma is uncommon in the head and neck region and constitutes about 1% of all the malignancies affecting the human race. Of all the fibrosarcomas occurring in humans, only 0.05% occurs in the head and neck region. Of this, almost 23% is seen in the oral cavity. Fibosarcomas generally have a poor prognosis and the overall survival rate is 20-35% over a period of 5 years

Forensic science deals with estimation of age of an individual and identification of a person in medicolegal purpose. Identification of person by two method one is complete and another is incomplete or partial method. The hard tissues are able to resist to decay and degradation in the human dentition. This knowledge is utilized by dentist‟s is relatively a new science is known as “Forensic Odontology”. Socioeconomic status, religion physical characters such as built, secondary sexual characters (pubic hair, axillary hair, facial hair & breast development) and teeth are also helpful for development and estimation of age of the individuals. The present study show the relation of the development of individual and eruption of third molar teeth in various age groups in both sexes by radiograph in Bikaner population. 

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of malignancies of the lymphoid system. It is a rare entity to be reported when it comes to its effect on zygomatic buttress area, the purpose of this article is to report such an unusual case of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma on zygomatic buttress. 

Background: 

Spirulinaor arthrospirais a blue-green alga that became famous after it was successfully used by NASA as a dietary supplementfor astronauts on space missions. Spirulina is found to be the best alternative dietary supplement to the malnutrition and other nutritional deficiencies. Spirulina is a safe food with absolutely no side effects. To overcome such problems, an attempt has been concentrated on enhancing the organoleptic quality of spirulina through supplementation (SIFS). Nutrition policies can be taken to overcome the malnutrition problem among children by concentration on the alternative dietary supplements.  The sensory analysis of the developed product using spirulina showed that 1g spirulina incorporated product got the maximum mean score compared to 1.5 and 2g due intensification of colour and odour. The nutrient content of spirulina was analyzed and it contains provided 350 kcal of energy, 8.81 per cent of protein, 1.39 IU of Vitamin A, 25 mcg of vitamin C, 13.66 mg of iron, and 280 mg of calcium. Per serving (30g) showed that it was 105 kcal of energy, 2.643 per cent of protein, 0.417 IU of Vitamin A, 7.5mcg of vitamin C, 4.098 mg of iron and 84 mg of calcium respectively. The developed products were subjected to microbial analysis for fungi and bacteria for six month and found to be safe.