Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is one of the most common causes of mortality and morbidity in preterm neonates. CPAP, Surfactant and mechanical ventilation have been the main stay management techniques in RDS. The present research aims to study the usefulness of early delivery room CPAP in preterms and its outcome.

Methods: The study was a randomized control clinical trial with 109 neonates. Neonates born between 28 0/7 to 32 6/7 with evidence of RDS were randomized to receive either delivery room CPAP or delayed CPAP.These groups are compared for predefined primary and secondary outcomes.

Results: Mean Birth weight of cases is 1.24 ± 0.17 and in controls is 1.21 ± 0.19.(P=0.489)The Meangestational age of cases is 29.81 ± 1.56 and in controls is 29.81±1.64 (p=1.0). In this study 23(42.59%) preterms among the cases and 29(52.73%) in controls were present on CPAP for 48-72 hrs. Only 11(20.37%) among cases had CPAP requirement beyond 72 hrs (p=0.55). 16(29.63%) cases required mechanical   ventilation, Whereas 28(50.91) preterms in the controls needed mechanical ventilation (p=0.0235). 30 neonates were discharged within 14 days among cases and 16 neonates among control groups. 8 neonates stayed in nicu between 15 – 21 days and 15 neonates in control group. 1 neonate stayed beyond 21 days from cases group and 2 neonates from control group (p=0.0231). 15(27.78%) preterms died due to various causes in the study group and 20(36.36%)preterms died in control group(p=0.337).

Conclusions: Early administration of CPAP in the delivery room in preterm neonates developing respiratory distress decreases the need for mechanical ventilation. Early administration of CPAP helps in early discharge from hospital and early recovery. There is no difference in mortality between the two groups indicating there is no significant impact of early labour room CPAP on mortality

Whitefly, Bemisiatabaci (Gennadius) has become one of the disaster pest of cotton in Pakistan. Transgenic cotton varieties provide greater tolerance to insect pests but did not combat to this emergent threat. In present study, we assessed six transgenic cotton varieties (VH-383, FH-Lalzar, 3012, 3041, VH-402 & VH-189) under filed conditions for seasonal population dynamics of whitefly (WF).None of these variety set free from WF population throughout the crop extent but all varieties exhibited a significant difference in population over the months.WF Pop started to emerge during 4th week of June, population substantially increased and crossed the ETL (5 nymph/ adults, both per leaf) during last week of July. A considerable rise in Pop was observed during August to November with its ultimate value in August 2017.  Two varieties 3012 (5.92) & FH-Lalazar (6.02) offered a significantly lower mean Pop per plant and two varieties VH-383 (7.78) &VH-189 (7.66)presented highest population. Correlation matrix exhibited that high humidity and low temperature were encourage the WF Pop. These findings would be supportive in the selection of varieties that have moderately advanced tolerance towards WF Pop and to ensure the appropriate management tactics at the right time as in consider the propensity of WF population throughout the crop duration.

Mobile  phones  are  necessary  in  social  life  but  are  normally  not  cleaned. Therefore, they serve as a host of bacteria and may cause disease. Most of the tested mobile phones (100%) were contaminated with bacterial agents. The most prevalent bacterial contaminants were antibiotic sensitive, Norfloxacin (30µg) and Amikacin (10µg) are effects on Staphylococcus aureus, S.epidermidis and Bacillus cereus. The number of colony CFU/ml on covered mobile was more than uncovered mobile. Bacillus cereus showed better tolerance and activity of temperature than S. aureusand S. epidermidis at growth from 5 to 50°C.