Isolation of oomycete species from soils of cocoa fields, using young oak (Quercus species) and (Rododendron species) leaves as baits where carried out in a previous diversity study by the authour. In the study, isolation of oomycetes was done by baiting with young oak and rhododendron leaves and plating on PARPH-V8 selective medium. The identification of oomycete species was based on PCR analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA and confirmed by morphological characteristics. According to the previous study, the oomycetes isolated and identified were Phytopythium vexans, Pythium cucurbitacearum, P. deliense, P. acanthicum, P. oligandrum and P. acanthophoron. Comparing the respective percentage isolation on each of the two baits in this present study showed that the use of more than one bait is advantageous when samples sources are multi-locational, with different environmental conditions and also when many species are the target of isolation. The result from this study generally showed that  the percentages of isolation of the oomycetes were highest on oak leaves in the Humid Forest ecology while it was highest on rhododendron leaves in the Moist Derived Savanna Ecology; the only exception to this was Phytopythium vexans, whose percentages of isolation was location specific rather than the ecology. The use of the two baits was thus useful as a preliminary study to identify the most suitable bait for each of the identified species, for each respective location and ecology, for further studies.

Herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) infection is the most common cause of genital ulcer disease worldwide. Epidemiologic links between herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) exist but are poorly characterized. Seroprevalence studies of HSV-2 in populations with chronic HCV infection are lacking.This study attempts to determine the assessment of HSV-2 Co-infection in HCV infected patients and to point out the effects of HSV-2/HCV co-infections on liver Function. The study population includes 49 chronic HCV (patient group) and 44 cases without viral hepatitis (control group). Nucleic acid of HSV-2 was detected in Serum samples by nested polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) method.

HSV-2 infection was demonstrated in 39% of chronic HCV patients. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) of HSV-2 infected HCV patients were increased.We conclude that HSV-2 infection is common in HCV patients, who can beregarded as patients at high risk for HSV-2 disease.