The crude methanol extracts of whole plant of W. chinensis, stem bark of M. diplotricha and leaves of B. malabarica as well as their hexane, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and aqueous soluble partitionates were subjected to screenings for antioxidant potential in terms of total phenolic content and free radical scavenging activity and brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The antioxidant potential was evaluated using butylated hydroxytolune (BHT) and ascorbic acid as standards. Among the extractives of W. chinensis, the crude methanol extract exhibited the highest free radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀= 42.75±0.21 μg/ml) while the aqueous soluble fraction of M. diplotricha demonstrated a phenolic content of 30.13±0.87 mg of GAE/g of extractives which could be correlated with its free radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀ = 32.46±0.88 μg/ml). The aqueous soluble fraction of leaves of B. malabarica revealed the highest free radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀ = 62.11±0.47 μg/ml). In the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, among the extractives of W. chinensis, the hexane soluble fraction displayed the highest cytotoxic potential (LC₅₀= 73.02±0.36 μg/ml) whereas the aqueous soluble extractives of M. diplotricha demonstrated the highest cytotoxic activity (LC₅₀=35.32±0.57 μg/ml). On the other hand, among all the test samples of B. malabarica, the methanolic crude extract exhibited the highest cytotoxic potential with LC₅₀ value 33.26±0.90 μg/ml. The standard vincristine sulfate exhibited an LC₅₀ value of 0.45 μg/ml.

Context: 

This paper verifies that the standard definition of risk measures value-at-risk (VaR), expected shortfall (ES) and spectral risk measure (SRM) are intuitively informative even when the underlying is a risk free asset. It then follows that in case of risk less asset, coherent and noncoherent risk measures do not distinguish themselves. 

The emphasized of the skin TB in tattoo mark, various other researchers have found that disease like lupus vulgaris caused by M. Tuberculosis can be induced by tattoo making. With every needle prick for tattoo making is an invitation for blood-born other serious infections such as AIDS, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, tetanus, syphilis, skin TB (lupus vulgaris), in Indian subcontinent and south Africa   the lupus vulgaris most common form of cutaneous TB in adults. Even despite of commonly found tuberculosis in  large population  and poor countries  such as India and China where cutaneous outbreaks are rare (<0.1%). 

Background: Traditional bone setters (TBS) offer quicker and cheaper treatment and are believed to use faster healing methods. Fall and fractures of hip are common in elderly. Among them trochanteric fractures account for approximately half of the hip fractures in elderly; out of this, more than 50% fractures are unstable. If proper precautions are not taken fractures unite in malposition resulting in shortening, limp and restricted. We evaluated the surgical and functional outcomes of extra capsular femur fractures of femur treated with Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS) in patients who underwent treatment with traditional bone setting. Methods:  The present study was undertaken at a Tertiary care hospital, Andhra Pradesh between the years 1998-2001. All the 34 patients with sustained extra capsular femur fractures treated by traditional bone setters for 6-8 weeks were included. Patients underwent DHS for trochanteric and sub trochanteric fractures. Patients were followed at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months. On each visit Fracture union, complications, limb shortening were observed. Functional outcome was assessed by using Harris hip score at baseline and at 6 months.  Results:  At the time of presentation to the hospital, all patients had pain and unable to walk. 70% (24) of the patients had shortening of limb, 90% of the patients had limitation for range of motion. In 98.67% of patients, fracture was found to be united at the 6th month follow up. Patients who had stable reduction before fixation also showed early radiological union. 10 patients developed 1 cm shortening, 4 patients had 2 cm shortening and 1 patient developed 3 cm shortening. At the end of six months there was an increase from 11.7% to 47.0% in excellent and from 29.4% to 47% in good scores on Harris hip score as compared to baseline. This was substantiated by a fall in fair and poor scores 47.0% to 5.8% and 11.7 % to 5.8% respectively. Two patients developed respiratory infection and two patients developed catheter related urinary tract infection. Two patients developed mal union.   Conclusion: This study showed DHS to be a versatile, stable, acceptable implant fixation in trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures treated previously by Traditional Bone setters. However, the results would have been superior if they would have operated earlier. 

Objective: 

In this study we deal with a fourth order boundary value problem to verify the bifurcation theory developed in Bari(2002). We study the bifurcation of the non-trivial solution in the neighborhood of trivial state .In so doing we verify the theoretical bifurcation- results as well as produce some numerical results of that problem using a Computer Algebra System (CAS), Mathematica. 

In recent years, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have a lot of care in both research and application fields. A major goal of researches in WSNs is to efficient data management techniques which are needed in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) to stabilize issues related to limited resources, e.g. energy, memory, bandwidth, as well as limited connectivity. Distributed Hash Tables (DHTs) over WSNs is a new routing model promises several advantages over conventional routing protocols. In this paper, we present a survey about using DHTs in WSNs, especially routing protocols techniques using DHTs over WSNs such as Virtual Ring Routing (VRR) & Virtual Cord Protocol (VCP). Furthermore comparing them through their scalability, energy-efficient, and data storage/lookup efficiency. 

Wireless communication is the process to send information over a short distance or long distance without using wires. The recent researches in mobile wireless technology focused on implementation of fourth generation (4G) technology and fifth generation (5G) technology where the fifth generation provide affordable broadband wireless connectivity (very high speed). In this study we will present the evolution and development of all generations of mobile wireless systems and their significance and compare between these generations. Also we will study the concept of 5G and its architecture and the services that 5G provides. 

The right lung classically has two fissures an oblique and a horizontal which divide it into three lobes namely the superior, middle and inferior lobe. The left lung has only one fissure an oblique fissure dividing it into two lobes superior and inferior lobe. During routine dissection in 20142015 under graduate batch, we came across one of old male cadaver we encountered an anomalous pattern of fissures and lobes in right and left lung. The anomaly of the lobar pattern has been described by many research workers studies on gross anatomical specimens. In the present case which was incidentally detected we report multiple fissures and lobes in both lungs. Such abnormal fissures and lobes are clinically important for identifying broncho pulmonary segments. Anatomical knowledge of anomalies of fissures and lobes of lung may be important for surgeons performing lobectomies, radiologists interpreting x-ray, CT scans and also of academic interest to all medical persons. 

Breast cancer is rising in India. It is the most common cancer in metropolitan studies and next only to cervical cancer in all over the nation. It has multiple risk factors described in literature. We aimed to study some of these clinicopathological factors in north Indian women with breast cancer. The results though were not very different, but some of them require the attention of the readers.